        Giati% na xrysimopoiy%sete tyn a%deia BSD gia to logismiko% sa*s

  Bruce Montague

   Arxiko%*s suggrafe%a*s 

   <brucem@alumni.cse.ucsc.edu>

  Giw%rgo*s Kerami%da*s

   Meta%frasy 

   <keramida@FreeBSD.org>

   Anathew%rysy: 43184

   To FreeBSD ei%nai e%na katoxurwme%no emporiko% su%mbolo tou FreeBSD
   Foundation.

   Y le%cy CVSup ei%nai katoxurwme%no emporiko% su%mbolo tou John D. Polstra.

   Oi le%cei*s Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium,
   kai Xeon ei%nai emporika% su%mbola y% katoxurwme%na emporika% su%mbola
   ty*s Intel Corporation kai twn thugatrikw%n ty*s sti*s Ynwme%ne*s
   Politei%e*s kai se a%lle*s xw%re*s.

   Y le%cy XFree86 ei%nai e%na emporiko% su%mbolo tou The XFree86 Project,
   Inc.

   Polle%*s apo% ti*s le%cei*s y% fra%sei*s oi opoi%e*s xrysimopoiou%ntai
   apo% tou*s kataskeuaste%*s y% tou*s pwlyte%*s tou*s gia na diakri%noun ta
   projo%nta tou*s thewrou%ntai emporika% su%mbola. O%pou aute%*s
   emfani%zontai se auto% to kei%meno kai gia o%se*s apo% aute%*s gnwri%zei y
   Oma%da Ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD o%ti ei%nai pithano%n na ei%nai emporika%
   su%mbola, tha dei%te e%na apo% ta su%mbola: <<(TM)>> y% <<(R)>>.

   2013-11-13 apo% hrs.
   [ HTML se tmy%mata / HTML se e%na tmy%ma ]

     ----------------------------------------------------------------------

   Pi%naka*s Periexome%nwn

   1. Eisagwgy%

   2. Su%ntomy Istori%a tou Anoiktou% Logismikou%

   3. To Unix apo% tyn skopia% ty*s a%deia*s BSD

   4. Y Symeriny% Kata%stasy ty*s A%deia*s tou FreeBSD kai twn Adeiw%n BSD

   5. Oi Aparxe%*s ty*s A%deia*s GPL

   6. Oi Aparxe%*s tou Linux kai ty*s LGPL

   7. Oi A%deie*s Anoixtou% Logismikou% kai to Pro%blyma tou Orfanou% Kw%dika

   8. Ti de Mporei% na Ka%nei mia A%deia Logismikou%

   9. Pleonekty%mata kai Meionekty%mata ty*s A%deia*s GPL

   10. Pleonekty%mata ty*s A%deia*s BSD

   11. Odygi%e*s gia ty Xry%sy mia*s A%deia*s Tu%pou BSD

   12. Epi%logo*s

   13. Anafore%*s

1. Eisagwgy%

   Auto% to a%rthro parousia%zei ta pleonekty%mata ty*s a%deia*s BSD gia
   logismiko% kai dedome%na. Pio sugkekrime%na, anafe%retai sta
   pleonekty%mata ty*s a%deia*s BSD se sxe%sy me tyn GPL. Ousiastika% ei%nai
   mia su%gkrisy ty*s a%deia*s BSD kai ty*s a%deia*s GPL, kai mia eisagwgy%
   sti*s diafore%*s tou*s.

2. Su%ntomy Istori%a tou Anoiktou% Logismikou%

   Polu% prin xrysimopoiythei% gia prw%ty fora% o o%ro*s <<Open Source>>, oi
   programmatiste%*s ei%xan arxi%sei na anaptu%ssoun to logismiko% twn
   upologistw%n se oma%de*s kai na antalla%soun ta progra%mmata pou
   e%ftiaxnan entelw%*s eleu%thera. Sti*s arxe%*s ty*s dekaeti%a*s tou 1950
   oi organismoi% o%pw*s to SHARE kai to DECUS e%ftiaxnan e%na mega%lo
   pososto% apo% to logismiko% to opoi%o prose%feran oi etairei%e*s
   logismikou% mazi% me to uliko% twn upologistw%n tou*s. Y kurio%tery pygy%
   eso%dwn twn etaireiw%n y%tan to uliko% twn upologistw%n tou*s. Otidy%pote
   mei%wne to ko%sto*s ana%ptucy*s tou logismikou% y%tan para%gonta*s pou
   belti%wne ti*s pwly%sei*s tou ulikou% ki e%kane ti*s etairei%e*s aute%*s
   pio antagwnistike%*s.

   Auto% o%mw*s a%llace ty dekaeti%a tou 1960. To 1965 y ADR ane%ptuce to
   prw%to emporiko% projo%n logismikou%, to opoi%o die%neime aneca%rtyta apo%
   mia etairei%a ulikou%. Y ADR sunagwnizo%tan e%na dwrea%n pake%to
   logismikou% ty*s IBM, to opoi%o ei%xan ftia%cei arxika% oi pela%te*s ty*s
   IBM. Y ADR patenta%rise to logismiko% ty*s to 1968. Gia na empodi%soun tyn
   eleu%thery dianomy% tou progra%mmato%*s tou*s, to e%dinan me mia morfy%
   leasing. Oi pela%te*s tou*s ply%rwnan mo%nima gia tyn xry%sy tou
   progra%mmato*s ty*s ADR. Y ADR y%tan o idiokty%ty*s tou progra%mmato*s, ki
   e%legxe e%tsi ty metapw%lysy kai xry%sy tou progra%mmato*s.

   To 1969 to Upourgei%o Dikaiosu%ny*s twn YPA katygo%ryse tyn IBM o%ti
   katastre%fei ti*s epixeiry%sei*s diane%monta*s dwrea%n logismiko% me to
   uliko% ty*s IBM. To apote%lesma y%tan na stamaty%sei ty dianomy%
   logismikou% me tou*s upologiste%*s ty*s y IBM. E%tsi to logismiko% e%gine
   e%na cexwristo%, aneca%rtyto projo%n apo% to uliko%.

   To 1968 y etairei%a Informatics die%dwse to prw%to <<killer application>>,
   suneisfe%ronta*s e%tsi styn apokrusta%llwsy ty*s ide%a*s tou logismikou%
   w*s projo%nto*s, ty*s e%nnoia*s ty*s etairei%a*s logismikou%, kai twn
   polu% akribw%n timw%n pw%lysy*s tou logismikou%. Y Informatics e%kane
   gnwsty% tyn ide%a ty*s a%deia*s logismikou%, y opoi%a ei%nai ple%on
   eggene%*s me%ro*s ty*s biomyxani%a*s logismikou%, su%mfwna me tyn opoi%a y
   idioktysi%a tou logismikou% de metafe%retai pote% ston pela%ty.

3. To Unix apo% tyn skopia% ty*s a%deia*s BSD

   Y arxiky% ulopoi%ysy tou Unix any%ke styn etairei%a AT&T. Y AT&T, lo%gw
   twn periorismw%n pou ei%xe w*s kratika% elegxo%meno monopw%lio, de
   mporou%se na pouly%sei projo%nta logismikou%. Mporou%se o%mw*s na pare%xei
   logismiko% se akadymajka% idru%mata, sto ko%sto*s tou apothykeutikou%
   me%sou.

   Meta% apo% e%na sune%drio gia leitourgika% susty%mata, sto opoi%o
   parousia%styke to Unix, ta panepisty%mia uiothe%tysan to Unix polu%
   gry%gora. Oi basikoi% lo%goi gia ty dymotiko%tyta tou Unix y%tan o%ti
   e%trexe se PDP-11, e%na polu% ftyno% upologisty% 16-bit, kai o%ti y%tan
   gramme%no se mia glw%ssa uqylou% epipe%dou, y opoi%a y%tan emfanw%*s kaly%
   gia programmatismo% sustyma%twn. Oi upologiste%*s PDP-11 ty*s DEC ei%xan,
   ousiastika%, e%na anoixto% interface ulikou%, sxediasme%no akribw%*s gia
   na mporou%n oi pela%te*s na gra%qoun to diko% tou*s leitourgiko% su%styma.
   Polloi% loipo%n e%kanan akribw%*s auto%. O%pw*s e%xei pei o Ken Olsen,
   idruty%*s ty*s DEC: <<To logismiko% e%rxetai apo% tou*s ouranou%*s, an
   e%xei*s kalo% uliko%>>.

   O dymiourgo%*s tou UNIX, o Ken Thompson, epe%streqe sto panepisty%mio tou
   Mpe%rklev* styn Kalifo%rnia (University of California, Berkeley; UCB) to
   1975, gia na dida%cei grammy% pro*s grammy% pw*s dou%leue to Unix. Auto%
   ei%xe w*s apote%lesma ty metece%licy tou Unix sto su%styma to opoi%o
   e%gine gnwsto% w*s BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution). To UCB mete%fere
   to Unix se 32-bit upologiste%*s, pro%sthese e%na uposu%styma eikoniky%*s
   mny%my*s, kai ulopoi%yse tyn e%kdosy tou TCP/IP pa%nw styn opoi%a
   basi%styke, praktika%, o%lo to Internet. To UCB parei%xe to BSD sto
   ko%sto*s pou xreiazo%tan to apothykeutiko% me%so gia na metaferthei%, me
   mia a%deia pou e%gine gnwsty% w*s <<a%deia BSD>>. O%poio*s y%thele to BSD,
   ago%raze mia a%deia gia to Unix apo% tyn AT&T ki u%stera para%ggelne mia
   kase%ta me to BSD apo% to UCB.

   Sta me%sa ty*s dekaeti%a*s tou 1980, mia antikoinopraktiky% my%nusy ty*s
   kube%rnysy*s twn YPA enanti%on ty*s AT&T, ana%gkase tyn AT&T na
   anadiorganwthei% se mikro%tere*s etairei%e*s. Y AT&T ei%xe ako%ma tyn
   idioktysi%a tou Unix, alla% tw%ra mporou%se ple%on na to pouly%sei w*s
   projo%n. Opo%te, ceki%nyse apo% tyn AT&T mia e%ntony prospa%theia gia
   apai%tysy a%deia*s gia to Unix, kai oi perisso%tere*s emporike%*s
   ekdo%sei*s tou Unix e%ginan <<para%gwga>> tou AT&T Unix.

   Sti*s arxe%*s ty*s dekaeti%a*s tou 1990 y AT&T my%nuse to UCB gia
   parabi%asy ty*s a%deia*s tou Unix. To UCB bry%ke o%ti y AT&T ei%xe
   enswmatw%sei sta projo%nta ty*s, xwri%*s na ti*s agora%sei kai xwri%*s na
   anafe%rei tyn pygy% tou*s, polle%*s apo% ti*s beltiw%sei*s tou BSD. Mia
   dikastiky% diama%xy metacu% ty*s AT&T kai tou UCB ceki%nyse, kai kra%tyse
   polu% kairo%. O%so ako%my sunexizo%tan y diama%xy, orisme%noi
   programmatiste%*s tou UCB ceki%nysan tyn prospa%theia na canagra%qoun apo%
   tyn arxy% opoiody%pote komma%ti tou AT&T Unix y%tan me%ro*s tou BSD. To
   apote%lesma auty%*s ty*s prospa%theia*s y%tan e%na su%styma pou le%getai
   BSD 4.4-Lite. O xaraktyrismo%*s <<Lite>> symai%nei o%ti den y%tan e%na
   oloklyrwme%no su%styma (e%leipan 6 symantika% arxei%a ty*s AT&T).

   Li%go argo%tera, sto periodiko% Dr. Dobbs emfani%styke mia mega%ly seira%
   apo% a%rthra gia e%na para%gwgo tou BSD prosarmosme%no se susty%mata 386.
   Auty% y e%kdosy tou Unix gia PC periei%xe ne%e*s ekdo%sei*s twn 6 arxei%wn
   pou e%leipan apo% to 4.4 BSD-Lite. Oi ne%e*s ekdo%sei*s twn 6 arxei%wn
   ei%xan a%deia BSD. Auto% to su%styma, to opoi%o lego%tan 386BSD, ei%xe
   ftiaxtei% apo% e%nan prw%yn programmatisty% tou UCB: ton Oui%liam Tzo%litz
   (William Jolitz). Styn arxy%, to 386BSD apote%lese ty ba%sy o%lwn twn
   symerinw%n sustyma%twn PC BSD.

   Sta me%sa ty*s dekaeti%a*s tou 1990, y Novell ago%rase ta dikaiw%mata tou
   Unix apo% tyn AT&T kai e%kane mia (to%te mustiky% ako%ma) sumfwni%a na
   stamaty%sei ty dikastiky% diama%xy. Li%go meta% to UCB stama%tyse na
   upostyri%zei epi%syma to BSD.

4. Y Symeriny% Kata%stasy ty*s A%deia*s tou FreeBSD kai twn Adeiw%n BSD

   Y ne%a a%deia tu%pou BSD, me tyn opoi%a diane%metai to FreeBSD ta
   teleutai%a xro%nia, ei%nai ousiastika% mia dy%lwsy o%ti mporei%te na
   ka%nete o%ti the%lete me ton pygai%o kw%dika tou FreeBSD, alla% den
   pare%xetai kami%a eggu%ysy gi' auto%n kai de fe%rei euthu%ny gia
   probly%mata me ton pygai%o kw%dika kanei%*s apo% tou*s suggrafei%*s tou
   (basika%, de mporei%te na ka%nete my%nusy se ka%poion). Auty% y ne%a
   a%deia BSD e%xei w*s skopo% na entharru%nei tyn emporeumatopoi%ysy tou
   pygai%ou kw%dika. Opoiody%pote komma%ti BSD kw%dika mporei% na pwlythei%
   y% na enswmatwthei% se emporika% projo%nta, xwri%*s kane%na periorismo% y%
   apai%tysy gia diathesimo%tyta tou kw%dika y% ka%poia a%lly prov*po%thesy
   sxetika% me ty mellontiky% sumperifora% sa*s.

   Ei%nai symantiko% na my mperdeu%oume tyn a%deia BSD me ti*s a%deie*s
   <<public domain>>. Paro%lo pou e%na antikei%meno ma a%deia public domain
   ei%nai ki auto% diathe%simo gia opoiady%pote xry%sy, ta antikei%mena
   public domain den e%xoun sugkekrime%no idiokty%ty.

5. Oi Aparxe%*s ty*s A%deia*s GPL

   Ta te%ly ty*s dekaeti%a*s tou 1980 y%tan li%go peri%ergy peri%odo*s gia to
   me%llon tou UNIX. Paro%l' auta% apo% ta me%sa ty*s dekaeti%a*s tou 1980
   kai ti*s arxe%*s ty*s epo%meny*s dekaeti%a*s, tou 1990, a%rxise na fe%rnei
   apotele%smata y GPL - e%na a%llo e%rgo me symantike%*s epiptw%sei*s sto
   the%ma twn adeiw%n logismikou%.

   O Richard Stallman, o programmatisty%*s pou e%ftiace to Emacs, y%tan
   me%lo*s ty*s oma%da*s tou MIT o%tan to ergasty%rio sto opoi%o dou%leue
   a%llace, apo% susty%mata pou ei%xan anaptuxthei% eswterika% sto i%dio to
   ergasty%rio se emporika% susty%mata. O Stallman enoxly%thyke o%tan
   anaka%luqe o%ti de mporou%se na prosthe%sei xaraktyristika% se e%na
   emporiko% su%styma y% na beltiw%sei ta upa%rxonta xaraktyristika% me
   no%mimo tro%po. (Polloi% apo% tou*s paliou%*s sunerga%te*s tou Stallman
   ei%xan fu%gei gia na idru%soun du%o etairei%e*s basisme%ne*s se logismiko%
   to opoi%o ei%xe anaptuxthei% sto MIT kai y%tan diathe%simo me a%deia apo%
   to MIT. Den ei%nai ceka%tharo o%mw*s poio%*s ei%xe pro%sbasy ston pygai%o
   kw%dika tou logismikou%.) Me aformy% aute%*s ti*s eceli%cei*s, o Stallman
   efyu%re mia a%deia logismikou% w*s enallaktiky% twn emporikw%n adeiw%n:
   tyn a%deia GPL y% <<GNU Public License>>. I%druse epi%sy*s kai e%na my
   kerdoskopiko% organismo%, ty Free Software Foundation (FSF), me skopo% tyn
   ana%ptucy eno%*s oloklyrwme%nou leitourgikou% susty%mato*s kai o%lou tou
   sxetikou% logismikou%. eno%*s susty%mato*s pou de tha ei%xe kane%nan apo%
   tou*s periorismou%*s twn emporikw%n adeiw%n logismikou%. Auto% to su%styma
   lego%tan GNU, e%na o%noma pou sy%maine <<GNU is Not Unix>>.

   Y a%deia GPL ei%xe sxediasthei% me skopo% na ei%nai o anti%poda*s twn
   sunythisme%nwn emporikw%n adeiw%n logismikou%. E%tsi apaitou%se na
   diane%montai me tyn i%dia a%deia, ty GPL, o%le*s oi allage%*s eno%*s
   progra%mmato*s pou y%dy diane%metai me a%deia GPL (apaitw%nta*s na ei%nai
   diathe%simo*s o pygai%o*s kw%dika*s se ka%the xry%sty). Epi%sy*s
   apaitou%se na diane%metai me a%deia GPL ka%the pro%gramma pou sundeo%tan
   me kw%dika GPL. O basiko%*s sto%xo*s ty*s GPL y%tan na empodi%sei me
   ka%the tro%po tyn emporeumatopoi%ysy tou pygai%ou kw%dika eno%*s
   progra%mmato*s. O%pw*s le%ei kai y teleutai%a para%grafo*s ty*s GPL:

   <<Auty% y Geniky% Dymo%sia A%deia den epitre%pei tyn enswma%twsy tou
   progra%mmato%*s sa*s se emporika% progra%mmata.>>[1]

   Y a%deia GPL ei%nai mia idiai%tera polu%ploky a%deia, opo%te orisme%noi
   aploi% kano%ne*s pou mporei% na sa*s boythy%soun o%tan e%xete na ka%nete
   me GPL kw%dika ei%nai oi ecy%*s:

     * Mporei%te na xrew%sete o%so the%lete gia ty dianomy%, tyn uposty%ricy,
       y% tyn tekmyri%wsy tou logismikou%, alla% de mporei%te na pouly%sete
       to i%dio to pro%gramma.

     * E%na*s aplo%*s kano%na*s ei%nai: an xreia%zetai pygai%o*s kw%dika*s me
       a%deia GPL gia na metaglwttistei% e%na pro%gramma, to pro%gramma
       pre%pei na diane%metai me a%deia GPL. Y su%ndesy (linking) me mia
       statiky% bibliothy%ky a%deia*s GPL apaitei% kai to upo%loipo
       pro%gramma na diane%metai me a%deia GPL.

     * An upa%rxoun pate%nte*s pou sxeti%zontai me e%na pro%gramma a%deia*s
       GPL, to%te y a%deia GPL apaitei% aute%*s oi pate%nte*s na ei%nai
       diathe%sime*s gia eleu%thesy xry%sy apo% o%lou*s.

     * Y aply% para%thesy programma%twn sto i%dio apothykeutiko% me%so, p.x.
       y apothy%keusy ston i%dio di%sko, den epyrea%zetai apo% tyn a%deia
       GPL: ston i%dio apothykeutiko% di%sko mporei% na apothykeu%ontai
       progra%mmata me a%deia GPL kai progra%mmata me a%lle*s a%deie*s
       logismikou%.

     * Y e%codo*s eno%*s progra%mmato*s den thewrei%tai para%gwgo e%rgo. Gia
       para%deigma, y e%codo*s tou metaglwttisty% gcc mporei% na
       xrysimopoiythei% se emporika% periba%llonta, xwri%*s kane%na nomiko%
       pro%blyma.

     * Afou% o pury%na*s tou Linux diane%metai me a%deia GPL, opoiosdy%pote
       kw%dika*s sunde%etai me statiko% tro%po me ton pury%na tou Linux
       pre%pei na diane%metai ki auto%*s me tyn i%dia a%deia. Auto%*s o
       periorismo%*s mporei% na arthei% me dunamiky% su%ndesy me ton pury%na
       tou Linux (loadable kernel modules). Auto% epitre%pei se etairei%e*s
       na diane%moun odygou%*s suskeuw%n se ektele%simy morfy%, alla% e%xei
       suxna% to meione%ktyma o%ti mporei% na leitourgy%sei swsta% mo%no me
       sugkekrime%ne*s ekdo%sei*s tou pury%na.

   Lo%gw ty*s mega%ly*s poluploko%tyta*s ty*s a%deia*s GPL, se polla% me%ry
   tou ko%smou agnoei% o ko%smo*s ti*s nomike%*s poluploko%tyte*s ty*s GPL se
   sxe%sy me to Linux kai a%lla projo%nta logismikou%. Oi makroxro%nie*s
   epidra%sei*s ti*s opoi%e*s mporei% na e%xei auto% den ei%nai polu%
   ceka%thare*s.

6. Oi Aparxe%*s tou Linux kai ty*s LGPL

   O%so maino%tan o po%lemo*s metacu% twn emporikw%n Unix, a%rxise na
   anaptu%ssetai o pury%na*s tou Linux w*s klw%no*s tou Unix gia PC. O Linus
   Torvalds apodi%dei tyn u%parcy tou Linux sty diathesimo%tyta tou GNU C
   compiler kai twn sxetikw%n GNU ergalei%wn ana%ptucy*s. Gi' auto% diane%mei
   ton pury%na tou Linux me a%deia GPL.

   THumythei%te o%ti y GPL apaitei% na diane%metai me a%deia GPL ka%the
   pro%gramma pou sunde%etai statika% (static linking) me e%na pro%gramma pou
   e%xei y%dy a%deia GPL. O pygai%o*s kw%dika*s gia ka%the pro%gramma me
   a%deia GPL pre%pei na ei%nai diathe%simo*s se ka%the xry%sty tou
   progra%mmato*s. Anti%theta, y dunamiky% su%ndesy me kw%dika pou e%xei
   a%deia GPL de thewrei%tai parabi%asy ty*s GPL. Y pi%esy na diane%montai
   ako%ma kai emporika% progra%mmata me a%deia GPL a%rxise na auca%netai.
   eidika% gia progra%mmata pou e%prepe na sunde%ontai me bibliothy%ke*s tou
   susty%mato*s. Auto% ody%gyse sty dymiourgi%a mia*s diaforetiky%*s
   e%kdosy*s ty*s a%deia*s GPL, me o%noma LGPL (<<Library GPL>>, y opoi%a
   ple%on le%getai <<Lesser GPL>>). Y LGPL epitre%pei ty su%ndesy emporikou%
   kw%dika me ty GNU C library, ty glibc. De xreia%zetai na diathe%sete ton
   pygai%o kw%dika eno%*s progra%mmato*s an auto% sunde%etai dunamika% me mia
   bibliothy%ky a%deia*s LGPL.

   An e%na pro%gramma sunde%etai statika% (static linking) me ty glibc, gia
   para%deigma o%pw*s gi%netai suxna% se embedded susty%mata, de gi%netai na
   kraty%sete ton kw%dika ty*s efarmogy%*s me emporiky% a%deia. pre%pei o
   pygai%o*s kw%dika*s na diane%metai ki auto%*s me a%deia GPL. Gia
   progra%mmata me statiky% su%ndesy me GPL kw%dika, to%so y GPL o%so kai y
   LGPL apaitou%n o kw%dika*s tou progra%mmato*s na diane%metai me tyn i%dia
   a%deia.

7. Oi A%deie*s Anoixtou% Logismikou% kai to Pro%blyma tou Orfanou% Kw%dika

   E%na apo% ta pio sobara% probly%mata tou emporikou% logismikou% ei%nai to
   pro%blyma tou <<orfanou% kw%dika>>. Auto% emfani%zetai o%tan mia
   sugkekrime%ny etairei%a apotugxa%nei y% alla%zei stratygiky% sxetika% me
   e%na projo%n, prokalw%nta*s probly%mata se mia tera%stia purami%da apo%
   ecartyme%na susty%mata kai etairei%e*s gia lo%gou*s pe%ra apo% ton
   e%legxo% tou*s. Dekaeti%e*s empeiri%a*s e%xoun dei%cei o%ti to proswrino%
   me%getho*s y% y epituxi%a mia*s etairei%a*s den pare%xoun kami%a eggu%ysy
   sxetika% me ty diathesimo%tyta tou logismikou% ty*s etairei%a*s. Kathw%*s
   alla%zoun oi sunthy%ke*s ty*s agora%*s y% oi stratygike%*s twn
   etaireiw%n - polle%*s fore%*s me polu% gry%goro ruthmo% - ta progra%mmata
   mporei% na pa%qoun na ei%nai diathe%sima gia opoiody%pote lo%go.

   Y a%deia logismikou% GPL prospathei% na apofu%gei to pro%blyma twn
   <<orfanw%n programma%twn>> apoko%ptonta*s ka%the eca%rtysy tou pygai%ou
   kw%dika eno%*s progra%mmato*s apo% ta the%mata pneumatiky%*s
   idioktysi%a*s.

   Mia a%deia logismikou% tu%pou BSD di%nei se mia mikry% etairei%a to
   isodu%namo eno%*s progra%mmato*s me diklei%da asfalei%a*s: an y arxiky%
   etairei%a stamaty%sei na ftia%xnei e%na pro%gramma, mporei% y etairei%a
   pou ecarta%tai apo% auto% na pa%rei ta yni%a kai na sunexi%sei na to
   suntyrei% me emporiko% tro%po. Mia ako%ma kalu%tery peri%ptwsy ei%nai
   auty% eno%*s BSD progra%mmato*s pou suntyrei%tai apo% mia mikry%
   anepi%symy epitropy%, afou% to%te y epibi%wsy eno%*s progra%mmato*s den
   ecarta%tai apo% mi%a kai mo%no etairei%a y% apo% mia sugkekrime%ny seira%
   projo%ntwn. Y epibiwsimo%tyta ty*s oma%da*s ana%ptucy*s, o%tan bri%skontai
   styn kata%llyly dianoytiky% kata%stasy, ei%nai pio symantiky% apo% tyn
   fusiky% diathesimo%tyta tou pygai%ou kw%dika.

8. Ti de Mporei% na Ka%nei mia A%deia Logismikou%

   Kami%a a%deia logismikou% de mporei% na egguythei% ty mellontiky%
   diathesimo%tyta eno%*s progra%mmato*s. O idiokty%ty*s tou copyright eno%*s
   progra%mmato*s mporei% na alla%cei tou*s o%rou*s tou copyright
   opoiady%pote stigmy%. Y koino%tyta tou BSD thewrei% o%ti se auty% tyn
   peri%ptwsy e%na apo% ta a%mesa apotele%smata ei%nai y dia%spasy kai y
   aneca%rtyty ana%ptucy tou kw%dika.

   Y GPL apagoreu%ei ryta% tyn allagy% ty*s a%deia*s. Paro%l' auta% upa%rxei
   toula%xiston mi%a peri%ptwsy pou auto% den e%gine: mia etairei%a (y
   Mattel) ago%rase e%na GPL copyright (cphack), aku%rwse ka%the o%ro tou
   arxikou% copyright, py%ge sta dikasty%ria kai ke%rdise ty di%ky [2].
   Kata%feran, dylady%, me no%mimo tro%po, na akurw%soun to copyright gia ty
   dianomy% tou sugkekrime%nou progra%mmato*s kai o%lwn twn para%gwgwn
   e%rgwn. Den ei%nai ceka%tharo an ka%ti te%toio tha mporou%se na gi%nei me
   e%na polu% megalu%tero y% polu% pio diadedome%no pro%gramma. Upa%rxoun
   epi%sy*s amfiboli%e*s sxetika% me to an to arxiko% pro%gramma y%tan
   a%deia*s GPL.

   E%na a%llo paro%moio para%deigma ei%nai y ecagora% ty*s Cygnus apo% ty Red
   Hat. Y Cygnus y%tan mia etairei%a myxanikw%n, y opoi%a ei%xe anala%bei tyn
   ana%ptucy twn ergalei%wn metaglw%ttisy*s (compiler tools) ty*s FSF. Y
   Cygnus mporou%se na to ka%nei auto% epeidy% ei%xe anaptu%cei e%na monte%lo
   uposty%ricy*s twn ergalei%wn GNU: poulou%san texniky% uposty%ricy gia
   auta% ta ergalei%a, opo%te mporou%san na suntyrou%n mia oma%da 50
   programmatistw%n kai na ori%zoun tyn porei%a ana%ptucy*s twn ergalei%wn,
   prosfe%ronta*s tyn pleioqyfi%a twn allagw%n pou gi%nontan se auta%. O%pw*s
   e%xei pei o Donald Rosenberg: <<Oi oma%de*s pou xrysimopoiou%n projo%nta
   logismikou% me a%deia GPL... zoun me ty mo%nimy apeily% o%ti ka%poio*s
   a%llo*s tha pa%rei ta yni%a sto e%rgo epeidy% e%ftiace mia kalu%tery
   e%kdosy tou kw%dika y% apla% epeidy% mporei% na to ka%nei pio gry%gora
   apo% tou*s arxikou%*s programmatiste%*s>>[3].

9. Pleonekty%mata kai Meionekty%mata ty*s A%deia*s GPL

   E%na*s apo% tou*s pio sunythisme%nou*s lo%gou*s gia na xrysimopoiy%sei
   kanei%*s tyn a%deia GPL ei%nai epeidy% xreia%zetai na ka%nei allage%*s
   ston metaglwttisty% GCC y% na ton epektei%nei. Auto% ei%nai polu% xry%simo
   o%tan douleu%ei me kainou%riou*s epecergaste%*s y% eidikou%*s
   epecergaste%*s, se periba%llonta o%pou ka%the ko%sto*s logismikou% mporei%
   na thewrythei% peritto% ko%sto*s, y% o%tan ei%nai polu% mikry% y
   pithano%tyta na xrysimopoiythei% apo% a%llou*s to apote%lesma tou
   kainou%riou metaglwttisty%.

   Y a%deia GPL ei%nai elkustiky% kai gia ti*s mikre%*s etairei%e*s oi
   opoi%e*s pwlou%n CD-ROM se e%na periba%llon o%pou isxu%ei o kano%na*s
   <<ago%rase ftyna%, pou%la akribo%tera>> kai upa%rxoun ako%my perithw%ria
   ke%rdou*s. Ei%nai epi%sy*s elkustiky% gia ekei%ne*s ti*s etairei%e*s oi
   opoi%e*s epibiw%noun pare%xonta*s dia%fore*s morfe%*s texniky%*s
   uposty%ricy*s y% tekmyri%wsy*s gia ta projo%nta me a%deia GPL.

   E%na akou%sio kai ligo%tero tekmyriwme%no apote%lesma ty*s GPL ei%nai y
   sumpa%theia pou ty*s dei%xnoun oi mega%le*s etairei%e*s, me skopo% na
   uponomeu%soun ti*s mikro%tere*s etairei%e*s logismikou%. Merike%*s fore%*s
   y GPL mporei% na tairia%cei polu% kala% me stratygike%*s ma%rketingk, kai
   na xrysimopoiythei% me skopo% ty mei%wsy tou a%mesou oikonomikou%
   ke%rdou*s, suneisfe%ronta*s me to diko% ty*s tro%po se monopwliake%*s
   taktike%*s.

   Y a%deia GPL mporei% na ei%nai polu% symantiko% pro%blyma gia o%poion
   the%lei na emporeumatopoiy%sei e%na e%rgo logismikou% kai na bga%lei
   ke%rdo*s apo% auto%. Gia para%deigma, y GPL mporei% na ei%nai empo%dio sta
   sxe%dia eno%*s foityty% pou ske%ftetai na idru%sei mia etairei%a me ba%sy
   tyn ide%a ty*s e%reuna%*s tou, y% mporei% na ei%nai empo%dio sta sxe%dia
   eno%*s ergazo%menou pou the%lei na sunergastei% me mia etairei%a me ba%sy
   mia proswpiky% tou ide%a.

   Gia o%sou*s xreia%zetai na douleu%oun me statika% sundeme%na progra%mmata
   kai na sundua%zoun kw%dika apo% polla% me%ry y% kw%dika pou ei%nai
   sumbato%*s me mia poikili%a apo% pro%tupa, y GPL den ei%nai to%so kaly%
   epilogy% a%deia*s, epeidy% apagoreu%ei ty xry%sy emporikw%n ulopoiy%sewn
   autw%n twn protu%pwn. E%tsi y GPL meiw%nei ton arithmo% twn programma%twn
   pou mporou%n na anaptuxthou%n se auta% pou xrysimopoiou%n mo%no ta
   pro%tupa GPL. O skopo%*s ty*s i%dia*s ty*s GPL ei%nai na my mporei% na
   ftia%cei kanei%*s emporika% projo%nta me GPL kw%dika. (Auto%*s o
   periorismo%*s den isxu%ei gia o%le*s ti*s efarmoge%*s Linux, epeidy% oi
   perisso%tere*s apo% aute%*s den xrysimopoiou%n statiky% su%ndesy me ton
   GPL kw%dika tou Linux, alla% basi%zontai se e%na dunamiko% API.)

   Y GPL prospathei% na pei%sei tou*s programmatiste%*s na suneisfe%roun se
   e%na sunexw%*s ecelisso%meno su%nolo programma%twn, me perithw%rio
   sunagwnismou% sty dianomy% kai tyn texniky% uposty%ricy autw%n twn
   programma%twn. Auto% den ei%nai realistiko% sena%rio o%mw*s gia polla%
   kai%ria susty%mata kai pro%tupa, ta opoi%a mporei% na ei%nai xry%sima se
   mega%ly poikili%a sustyma%twn kai tauto%xrona na apaitou%n emporike%*s
   epekta%sei*s y% prosarmoge%*s y% enswma%twsy se upa%rxonta progra%mmata me
   legacy pro%tupa kai upa%rxouse*s a%deie*s, asu%mbate*s me tyn a%deia GPL.
   Gia para%deigma, ta real-time kai ta embedded susty%mata xrysimopoiou%n
   statiky% su%ndesy polu% suxna%, opo%te y GPL kai y LGPL apotelou%n sobaro%
   pro%blyma gia etairei%e*s oi opoi%e*s drastyriopoiou%ntai se auto% to
   xw%ro.

   Y a%deia GPL ei%nai mia prospa%theia na sugkratythei% y ana%ptucy tou
   logismikou%, aneca%rtyta apo% ty zy%tysy gia a%llou ei%dou*s
   apotele%smata, se e%na sta%dio e%reuna*s kai ana%ptucy*s. Auto%
   megistopoiei% ta ke%rdy gia tou*s meletyte%*s kai tou*s programmatiste%*s,
   alla% mporei% na e%xei e%na a%gnwstou mege%thou*s ko%sto*s gia o%sou*s tha
   ei%xan o%felo*s apo% tyn pio eurei%a diathesimo%tyta tou kw%dika.

   Y GPL e%xei sxediastei%, basika%, me skopo% na empodi%sei ta apotele%smata
   ty*s e%reuna*s apo% to na ka%noun ty meta%basy se emporika% projo%nta.
   Polle%*s fore%*s auto% thewrei%tai e%na apo% ta teleutai%a by%mata styn
   paradosiaky% metafora% texnognwsi%a*s apo% to ereunytiko% sto emporiko%
   sta%dio, kai ei%nai suny%thw*s arketa% du%skolo san by%ma ako%ma kai ka%tw
   apo% ti*s kalu%tere*s sunthy%ke*s. Y GPL e%xei sxediastei% e%tsi pou auto%
   to by%ma na ei%nai praktika% adu%naton na pragmatopoiythei%.

10. Pleonekty%mata ty*s A%deia*s BSD

   Y a%deia BSD ei%nai polu% kaly% epilogy% gia ereunytika% y% a%lla e%rga,
   o%tan auta% e%xoun mega%ly dia%rkeia kai xreia%zontai e%na periba%llon
   ana%ptucy*s to opoi%o:

     * e%xei polu% mikro% y% mydeniko% ko%sto*s

     * tha sunexi%sei na eceli%ssetai se ba%tho*s xro%nou

     * epitre%pei se opoiondy%pote na sunexi%sei, ako%my kai na
       emporeumatopoiy%sei ta telika% apotele%smata me polu% mikro% ko%sto*s
       kai ela%xista nomika% probly%mata

   Auto% to teleutai%o xaraktyristiko% ei%nai polu% suxna% ekei%no pou
   pai%zei ton pio symantiko% ro%lo. Klasiko% para%deigma ei%nai y epilogy%
   a%deia*s tou Apache project:

   <<Autou% tou ei%dou*s y a%deia ei%nai idaniky% gia tyn prow%thysy eno%*s
   pygai%ou kw%dika pou leitourgei% w*s symei%o anafora%*s gia tyn ulopoi%ysy
   eno%*s prwtoko%lou koiny%*s xry%sy*s. Auto%*s ei%nai e%na*s apo% tou*s
   lo%gou*s gia tou*s opoi%ou*s diale%came mia te%toia a%deia gia to apache
   group. Polloi% apo% ema%*s the%loume na epibiw%sei to HTTP kai na gi%nei
   e%na pro%tupo to opoi%o ei%nai apodekto% apo% o%lou*s, kai de tha ma*s
   peira%cei katho%lou an y Microsoft y% y Netscape enswmatw%sei ty diky%
   ma*s myxany% HTTP se dika% tou*s projo%nta, an auto% prowthy%sei ako%my
   perisso%tero to sto%xo ma*s gia koiny% xry%sy tou HTTP... Auto% symai%nei
   o%ti ei%nai stratygiky%*s symasi%a*s gia to e%rgo ma*s na diatyry%soume
   tyn energytiko%tyta pou e%xei sy%mera, kai na pei%soume tou*s
   summete%xonte*s o%ti kerdi%zoun perisso%tera suneisfe%ronta*s kw%dika sto
   e%rgo ma*s. Ako%my kai kw%dika pou mporei% na ei%xe aci%a an ton
   kratou%san w*s emporiko% mustiko%.>>

   Oi programmatiste%*s tei%noun na protimou%n tyn a%deia BSD epeidy% tou*s
   afy%nei na asxolou%ntai me ton kw%dika, kai na ka%noun auto% pou
   pragmatika% the%loun, xwri%*s na asxolou%ntai me peri%ploka nomika%
   zyty%mata. Anti%theta, o%soi the%loun na xrysimopoiou%n to teliko%
   apote%lesma w*s e%na oloklyrwme%no su%styma, y% ce%roun pw*s a%lloi tha
   ka%noun tyn ana%ptucy tou logismikou%, y% o%soi den perime%noun na zy%soun
   apo% ti*s allage%*s kai beltiw%sei*s ti*s opoi%e*s ka%noun se e%na
   su%styma (o%pw*s p.x. oi ergazo%menoi se kubernytikou%*s forei%*s),
   protimou%n tyn a%deia GPL epeidy% anagka%zei tou*s a%llou*s na tou*s
   dw%soun perisso%tero kw%dika kai empodi%zei tou*s ergodo%te*s tou*s apo%
   to na kraty%soun ta pneumatika% dikaiw%mata kai na <<tha%qoun>> y% na
   afy%soun orfano% e%na pro%gramma. An the%lete na anagka%sete tou*s
   antagwniste%*s sa*s na sa*s boythy%soun, to%te y GPL ei%nai idiai%tera
   elkustiky% w*s epilogy%.

   Mia a%deia tu%pou BSD den ei%nai apla% e%na dw%ro. Mia apo% ti*s pio
   suxne%*s erwty%sei*s sxetika% me ti*s a%deie*s BSD ei%nai: <<Giati% na
   boythy%sw tou*s antagwniste%*s mou na kle%qoun ty douleia% ma*s;>>. Styn
   pragmatiko%tyta y a%deia BSD di%nei ki%nytro stou*s antagwniste%*s na
   sunergastou%n. An mi%a mo%no etairei%a katafe%rei na kuriarxy%sei se
   ka%poio tome%a ton opoi%o oi a%lle*s etairei%e*s thewrou%n stratygiky%*s
   symasi%a*s, to%te oi a%lle*s etairei%e*s mporou%n, me ela%xisty
   prospa%theia, na idru%soun mia mikry% epitropy% me sto%xo tyn epanafora%
   ty*s isorropi%a*s. Mporou%n to%te na suneisfe%roun o%le*s mazi% styn
   belti%wsy eno%*s antagwnistikou% BSD projo%nto*s, auca%nonta*s ton
   antagwnismo% ty*s agora%*s. E%tsi ka%the etairei%a mporei% na kerdi%sei
   apo% ka%poiou ei%dou*s pleone%ktyma, to opoi%o mporei% na prosfe%rei y
   i%dia, enw% tauto%xrona o%le*s mazi% suneisfe%roun styn oikonomiky%
   euelici%a kai apodotiko%tyta ty*s agora%*s. O%so pio gry%gora kai eu%kola
   mporou%n na to ka%noun auto% ta sunergazo%mena me%ly mia*s te%toia*s
   oma%da*s, to%so pio petuxyme%ny mporei% na gi%nei y oma%da. Mia a%deia BSD
   ei%nai, ousiastika%, mia a%deia logismikou% pou epitre%pei kai
   entharru%nei te%toie*s sumperifore%*s, me to ela%xisto nomiko% ko%sto*s
   kai polu% mikry% nomiky% poluploko%tyta.

   O pio symantiko%*s sto%xo*s ty*s GPL ei%nai y dymiourgi%a eno%*s ply%rou*s
   kai antagwnistikou% susty%mato*s Eleu%therou Logismikou%, diathe%simou se
   opoiondy%pote to the%lei y% to xreia%zetai me ela%xisto y% katho%lou
   ko%sto*s, ei%nai symantiko%*s sto%xo*s. Mia a%deia BSD, se sunduasmo% me
   ad-hoc oma%de*s apo% endiafero%menou*s sunerga%te*s, mporei% na petu%xei
   ton i%dio sto%xo xwri%*s na katastre%qei ta oikonomika% ki%nytra tou
   susty%mato*s metafora%*s texnognwsi%a*s.

11. Odygi%e*s gia ty Xry%sy mia*s A%deia*s Tu%pou BSD

     * Y a%deia BSD ei%nai protimo%tery gia ty metafora% ereunytikw%n
       apotelesma%twn e%tsi pou na mporou%n na xrysimopoiythou%n se mega%lo
       eu%ro*s efarmogw%n, megistopoiw%nta*s to o%felo*s ty*s oikonomi%a*s
       apo% auta%. Gi' auto% pre%pei oi organw%sei*s pou xrymatodotou%n
       ereunytika% e%rga, o%pw*s y NSF, ONR kai DARPA, na entharru%noun ty
       xry%sy mia*s a%deia*s tu%pou BSD. Mia te%toia a%deia ei%nai idaniky%
       to%so gia ta prw%ta sta%dia eno%*s ereunytikou% e%rgou, o%so kai gia
       ta progra%mmata, ta dedome%na kai to uliko% pou xrysimopoiei%tai. Oi
       xrymatodo%te*s organismoi% tha pre%pei epi%sy*s na entharru%noun ty
       xry%sy anoixtw%n protu%pwn kai anoixtw%n sustyma%twn, ta opoi%a
       ulopoiou%ntai me ba%sy upa%rxonta anoixta% susty%mata kai anoixta%
       pro%tupa.

     * Y politiky% twn kuberny%sewn pre%pei na elaxistopoiei% to ko%sto*s kai
       ta probly%mata ty*s meta%basy*s apo% ereunytiko% se efarmosme%no
       sta%dio. O%tan auto% ei%nai dunato%n, y xrymatodo%tysy mia*s
       ereunytiky%*s ergasi%a*s tha pre%pei na apaitei% ty diathesimo%tyta
       twn apotelesma%twn me ba%sy mia a%deia pou epitre%pei kai tyn
       emporiky% xry%sy twn apotelesma%twn - o%pw*s oi a%deie*s tu%pou BSD.

     * Se polle%*s periptw%sei*s mia a%deia tu%pou BSD kai oi makroxro%nie*s
       epiptw%sei*s ty*s sty diathesimo%tyta kai ti*s en duna%mei xry%sei*s
       tou logismikou% tairia%zoun pio kala% me tou*s sto%xou*s eno%*s
       ereunytikou% panepistymiakou% progra%mmato*s, apo% o%ti mia kleisty%
       panepistymiaky% a%deia y% mia a%deia basisme%ny se pate%nte*s. Y
       me%xri tw%ra empeiri%a e%xei dei%cei o%ti merike%*s fore%*s ta
       panepisty%mia e%xoun perisso%tera na kerdi%soun kai, se ba%tho*s
       xro%nou, amoi%bontai kalu%tera o%tan dymosieu%oun ta apotele%smata twn
       ereunw%n tou*s kai anazytou%n dwree%*s apo% epituxyme%nou*s
       apo%foitou*s.

     * Oi etairei%e*s e%xoun katala%bei ple%on o%ti y dymiourgi%a de facto
       protu%pwn ei%nai mia kaly% texniky% proboly%*s. Mia a%deia tu%pou BSD
       mporei% na leitourgy%sei a%neta me te%toio tro%po, eidika% o%tan mia
       etairei%a e%xei to pleone%ktyma na odygei% ti*s eceli%cei*s eno%*s
       susty%mato*s. Y a%deia ei%nai elkustiky% apo% nomiky%*s pleura%*s se
       o%so to dunato%n megalu%tero koino%, kai tyn i%dia stigmy% y empeiri%a
       mia*s etairei%a*s me to sugkekrime%no su%styma ecasfali%zei o%ti tha
       e%xei ton e%legxo se o%ti afora% styn ana%ptucy kai ece%licy tou
       susty%mato*s. Merike%*s fore%*s mporei% na pai%cei ton i%dio ro%lo sty
       dymiourgi%a de facto protu%pwn kai ka%poia a%lly a%deia, o%pw*s y GPL,
       eidika% o%tan upa%rxei lo%go*s na kathustery%soun y% na e%xoun
       dia%fora empo%dia oi antagwniste%*s. Y GPL o%mw*s dymiourgei% a%llou
       ei%dou*s probly%mata styn prow%thysy eno%*s protu%pou, epeidy%
       entharru%nei ty dymiourgi%a mia*s oloklyrwme%ny*s soui%ta*s ki o%xi
       eno%*s aneca%rtytou, emporika% diathe%simou kai biw%simou protu%pou. Y
       xry%sy mia*s soui%ta*s GPL programma%twn dymiourgei%, apo% tyn a%lly,
       mia seira% apo% probly%mata kai nomike%*s duskoli%e*s sxetika% me tyn
       emporiky% xry%sy eno%*s susty%mato*s. E%na pragmatika% xry%simo
       texniko% pro%tupo de tha 'prepe na dymiourgei% te%toiou ei%dou*s
       probly%mata y% na apaitei% ton apokleismo% a%llwn protu%pwn gia my
       texnikou%*s lo%gou*s.

     * O%se*s etairei%e*s endiafe%rontai na prowthy%soun ka%poio pro%tupo, to
       opoi%o mporei% na gi%nei y ba%sy gia ta emporika% projo%nta mia*s
       a%lly*s etairei%a*s, pre%pei na ei%nai prosektike%*s me tyn a%deia
       GPL. Aneca%rtyta apo% tyn a%deia pou tha xrysimopoiythei%, ka%the
       su%styma tei%nei na perna%ei styn katoxy% o%poiou ka%nei ti*s
       perisso%tere*s allage%*s kai katalabai%nei perisso%tero ton tro%po me
       ton opoi%o leitourgei% to sugkekrime%no su%styma. To mo%no pou
       prosthe%tei suny%thw*s y a%deia GPL ei%nai nomiky%*s fu%sew*s
       prostribe%*s.

     * Oi mega%le*s etairei%e*s, sti*s opoi%e*s anaptu%ssetai kai Open Source
       logismiko%, ei%nai kalo% na gnwri%zoun o%ti oi programmatiste%*s
       protimou%n to Open Source logismiko% epeidy% parame%nei diathe%simo
       ston ergazo%meno o%tan alla%zei ergodo%ty. Merike%*s etairei%e*s
       entharru%noun ka%ti te%toio, thewrw%nta*s to a%lly mia prosfora% ty*s
       etairei%a*s ston ergazo%meno, eidika% o%tan to sxetiko% logismiko% den
       ei%nai stratygiky%*s symasi%a*s gia tyn i%dia tyn etairei%a. Y o%ly
       ide%a ei%nai, basika%, e%na ei%do*s apo% <<epi%doma>> y% prosfora%
       ty*s etairei%a*s ston ergazo%meno, to opoi%o emperie%xei tyn
       pithano%tyta mellontikou% ko%stou*s gia tyn etairei%a alla% den
       kosti%zei ti%pota me a%meso tro%po. E%na*s tro%po*s me ton opoi%o
       wfelei%tai mia etairei%a o%tan entharru%nei tou*s ergazo%menou%*s ty*s
       na prosfe%roun se e%rga Open Source ei%nai y fy%my pou kerdi%zoun
       metacu% twn sunade%lfwn tou*s. Y eukairi%a gia ka%ti te%toio ei%nai ki
       auty% e%na ei%do*s apo% <<prosfora%>> ty*s etairei%a*s stou*s
       ergazo%menou*s, y opoi%a den e%xei sxedo%n kane%na ko%sto*s y%
       meione%ktyma.

     * Oi mikre%*s etairei%e*s, me e%rga ta opoi%a ei%nai eu%kolo na mei%noun
       orfana% apo% suntyryte%*s aci%zei na xrysimopoiy%soun ka%poia a%deia
       tu%pou BSD. Aneca%rtyta apo% to me%getho*s pou e%xoun mia
       sugkekrime%ny stigmy%, o%le*s oi etairei%e*s aci%zei na skeftou%n
       toula%xiston tyn pithano%tyta na idru%soun e%na e%rgo Open Source
       gu%rw apo% e%na komma%ti logismikou%, eidika% o%tan o skopo%*s tou*s
       ei%nai y sunergasi%a me a%lle*s etairei%e*s me to ela%xisto nomiko%
       kai organwtiko% ko%sto*s. Oi a%deie*s tu%pou BSD tairia%zoun polu%
       kala% me autou% tou ei%dou*s ta e%rga.

     * Oi my kerdoskopikoi% organismoi% tha 'prepe na summete%xoun se e%rga
       Open Source o%pote ei%nai dunato%n ka%ti te%toio. Oi a%deie*s tu%pou
       BSD ei%nai idanike%*s gia te%toiou*s organismou%*s, epeidy% meiw%noun
       sto ela%xisto ta probly%mata me ty xry%sy tou kw%dika. Opo%te ei%nai
       kaly% ide%a na ti*s protimou%n oi my kerdoskopikoi% organismoi%. Se
       anti%thesy me ti*s aple%*s BSD a%deie*s, y a%deia GPL mporei% na
       ei%nai pygy% problyma%twn gia tou*s my kerdoskopikou%*s organismou%*s
       pou drastyriopoiou%ntai ston anaptusso%meno ko%smo. Se merika% me%ry
       o%pou y efarmogy% tou no%mou mporei% na kosti%sei polla% xry%mata, y
       aplo%tyta twn adeiw%n BSD se su%gkrisy me tyn a%deia GPL mporei% na
       ei%nai symantiko% pleone%ktyma.

12. Epi%logo*s

   Se anti%thesy me tyn a%deia GPL, y opoi%a e%xei sxediastei% gia na
   empodi%sei me ka%the tro%po tyn emporiky% xry%sy tou logismikou%, oi
   a%deie*s tu%pou BSD e%xoun polu% li%ge*s apaity%sei*s kai o%rou*s gia
   opoiady%pote mellontiky% xry%sy tou logismikou%. E%tsi to logismiko% me
   a%deia BSD mporei% na paramei%nei Open Source y% na enswmatwthei% se
   emporike%*s lu%sei*s, akolouthw%nta*s ti*s allage%*s sti*s ana%gke*s tou
   dymiourgou% tou y% ka%poia*s etairei%a*s. Me li%ga lo%gia, oi a%deie*s
   tu%pou BSD de dymiourgou%n nomika% probly%mata sto me%llon y% kata% ty
   dia%rkeia ty*s ana%ptucy*s eno%*s progra%mmato*s.

   To pio symantiko% pleone%ktyma mia*s a%deia*s tu%pou BSD ei%nai o%ti den
   perie%xei peri%plokou*s nomikou%*s o%rou*s, o%pw*s oi a%deie*s GPL kai
   LGPL, opo%te epitre%pei stou*s programmatiste%*s kai ti*s etairei%e*s na
   afierw%noun perisso%tero apo% to xro%no tou*s sty dymiourgi%a kai tyn
   prow%thysy tou kw%dika, anti% na anysuxou%n an o kw%dika*s pou gra%foun
   e%xei parabia%sei ka%poia a%deia.

13. Anafore%*s

 [1] http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html

 [2] http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/03/28/cyberpatrol.mirrors/

 [3] Open Source: the Unauthorized White Papers, Donald K. Rosenberg, IDG Books,
     2000. Quotes are from page 114, ``Effects of the GNU GPL''.

 [4] To tmy%ma <<What License to Use?>> tou
     http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/brian.html

 Auto% to a%rthro ei%nai mia sunoptiky% e%kdosy mia*s proygou%meny*s
 ergasi%a*s tou suggrafe%a, y opoi%a ei%nai diathe%simy sty dieu%thunsy:
 http://alumni.cse.ucsc.edu/~brucem/open_source_license.htm
