               Gra%fonta*s Anafore%*s Problyma%twn gia to FreeBSD

  Dag-Erling Smo/rgrav

   Gra%ftyke apo%  
   Anathew%rysy: 43184

   To FreeBSD ei%nai e%na katoxurwme%no emporiko% su%mbolo tou FreeBSD
   Foundation.

   Y le%cy CVSup ei%nai katoxurwme%no emporiko% su%mbolo tou John D. Polstra.

   Oi le%cei*s y% fra%sei*s IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, kai
   ThinkPad ei%nai emporika% su%mbola ty*s International Business Machines
   Corporation sti*s Ynwme%ne*s Politei%e*s, a%lle*s xw%re*s, y% kai sta du%o
   tauto%xrona.

   Oi le%cei*s Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium,
   kai Xeon ei%nai emporika% su%mbola y% katoxurwme%na emporika% su%mbola
   ty*s Intel Corporation kai twn thugatrikw%n ty*s sti*s Ynwme%ne*s
   Politei%e*s kai se a%lle*s xw%re*s.

   Oi le%cei*s y% fra%sei*s SPARC, SPARC64, kai UltraSPARC ei%nai emporika%
   su%mbola ty*s SPARC International, Inc. sti*s Ynwme%ne*s Politei%e*s kai
   se a%lle*s xw%re*s. Y SPARC International Inc. kate%xei o%la ta emporika%
   dikaiw%mata twn sumbo%lwn SPARC kai epitre%pei tyn orthy% xry%sy tou*s
   apo% o%la ta me%ly ty*s, kato%pin sxetiky%*s a%deia*s.

   Oi le%cei*s y% fra%sei*s Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual
   Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS
   kai VirtualBox ei%nai emporika% su%mbola y% katoxurwme%na emporika%
   su%mbola ty*s Sun Microsystems, Inc. sti*s Ynwme%ne*s Politei%e*s kai se
   a%lle*s xw%re*s.

   Polle%*s apo% ti*s le%cei*s y% fra%sei*s oi opoi%e*s xrysimopoiou%ntai
   apo% tou*s kataskeuaste%*s y% tou*s pwlyte%*s tou*s gia na diakri%noun ta
   projo%nta tou*s thewrou%ntai emporika% su%mbola. O%pou aute%*s
   emfani%zontai se auto% to kei%meno kai gia o%se*s apo% aute%*s gnwri%zei y
   Oma%da Ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD o%ti ei%nai pithano%n na ei%nai emporika%
   su%mbola, tha dei%te e%na apo% ta su%mbola: <<(TM)>> y% <<(R)>>.

   2013-11-13 apo% hrs.
   Peri%lyqy

   Auto% to a%rthro perigra%fei pw*s na morfopoiy%sete kai na stei%lete mia
   anafora% probly%mato*s styn oma%da ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD.

   [ HTML se tmy%mata / HTML se e%na tmy%ma ]

     ----------------------------------------------------------------------

   Pi%naka*s Periexome%nwn

   1. Eisagwgy%

   2. Po%te na stei%lete mia anafora% probly%mato*s

   3. Proetoimasi%a

   4. Gra%fonta*s anafore%*s problyma%twn

   5. Apanty%sei*s

   6. Anafore%*s

   Eurety%rio

1. Eisagwgy%

   Mia apo% ti*s pio apokardiwtike%*s empeiri%e*s pou mporei% ka%poio*s na
   e%xei san xry%sty*s eno%*s progra%mmato*s ei%nai na stei%lei mia anafora%
   probly%mato*s mo%no kai mo%no gia na dei na tyn klei%noun apo%toma me mia
   su%ntomy kai apo%tomy ecy%gysy o%pw*s p.x. <<auto% den ei%nai pro%blyma>>
   y% <<la%tho*s PR>>. Kata% paro%moio tro%po, mia apo% ti*s pio
   apokardiwtike%*s empeiri%e*s eno%*s programmatisty% ei%nai na
   kataklu%zetai apo% anafore%*s problyma%twn pou den ei%nai pragmatika%
   probly%mata alla% aity%sei*s gia boy%theia kai uposty%ricy y% anafore%*s
   pou perie%xoun li%ge*s e%w*s katho%lou plyrofori%e*s sxetika% me to
   pro%blyma kai pw*s mporei% ka%poio*s na to anapara%gei.

   Auto% to kei%meno ei%nai mia prospa%theia na perigra%qoume pw*s mporei%te
   na gra%fete kale%*s anafore%*s problyma%twn. Ti ei%nai, tha anarwtie%ste,
   mia kaly% anafora% probly%mato*s; Loipo%n, gia na ei%maste akribei%*s, mia
   kaly% anafora% probly%mato*s ei%nai auty% pou mporei% na analuthei% kai na
   ty xeiristei% ka%poio*s gry%gora, me apote%lesma tyn ikanopoi%ysy to%so
   tou apostole%a o%so kai tou programmatisty% pou tyn ane%labe.

   To kurio%tero me%ro*s autou% tou a%rthrou anafe%retai sti*s anafore%*s
   problyma%twn tou FreeBSD. Ta pio polla% apo% o%sa tha pou%me edw% isxu%oun
   o%mw*s kai geniko%tera, gia polla% a%lla pra%gmata.

   Auto% to a%rthro ei%nai organwme%no thematika% ki o%xi xronologika%,
   opo%te ei%nai pio swsto% na to diaba%sete olo%klyro prin stei%lete ka%poia
   anafora% probly%mato*s kai o%xi na to xrysimopoiy%sete san odygo%, by%ma
   pro*s by%ma.

2. Po%te na stei%lete mia anafora% probly%mato*s

   Upa%rxoun polloi% tu%poi problyma%twn, kai den aci%zoun o%loi mia anafora%
   probly%mato*s. Fusika% kanei%*s den ei%nai te%leio*s, kai tha upa%rcoun
   fore%*s pou tha e%xete peistei% o%ti bry%kate ka%poio pro%blyma se e%na
   pro%gramma, o%tan styn pragmatiko%tyta tha e%xete katala%bei la%tho*s ty
   su%ntacy mia*s entoly%*s y% tha e%xete ka%nei ka%poio tupografiko%
   la%tho*s se e%na arxei%o ruthmi%sewn (an ki auto% merike%*s fore%*s ei%nai
   endeiktiko% kaky%*s y% leiqy%*s tekmyri%wsy*s y% ako%ma kai kaky%*s
   diaxei%risy*s lathw%n apo% ka%poia efarmogy%). Ako%ma, upa%rxoun
   periptw%sei*s pou to na stei%lete ka%poia anafora% probly%mato*s den
   ei%nai swsty% ki%nysy kai to mo%no pou mporei% na petu%xei ei%nai na
   enoxly%sei y% esa%*s y% tou*s programmatiste%*s. Apo% tyn a%lly o%mw*s,
   upa%rxoun periptw%sei*s pou mporei% na ei%nai kaly% ske%qy na stei%lete
   mia anafora% probly%mato*s gia ka%ti pou den ei%nai bug-mia belti%wsy y%
   mia ai%tysy gia ka%poio ne%o xaraktyristiko%, gia para%deigma.

   To%te loipo%n, pw%*s mporei%te na apofasi%sete an ka%ti ei%nai pro%blyma
   y% o%xi; E%na*s aplo%*s kano%na*s ei%nai o%ti to pro%blyma% sa*s den
   ei%nai bug an mporei% na ekfrastei% san erw%tysy (suny%thw*s ty*s morfy%*s
   <<Pw%*s ka%nw to X;>> y% <<Pou% mporw% na brw to Q;>>). Den ei%nai pa%nta
   to%so a%spro-mau%ro ta pra%gmata be%baia, alla% o kano%na*s ty*s
   erw%tysy*s kalu%ptei tyn megalu%tery pleioqyfi%a twn periptw%sewn. An
   auto% pou qa%xnete ei%nai ka%poia apa%ntysy, i%sw*s ei%nai kalu%tera na
   stei%lete tyn erw%tysy% sa*s styn ylektroniky% li%sta genikw%n erwty%sewn
   tou FreeBSD.

   Ka%poie*s periptw%sei*s pou pithano%n na ei%nai kaly% ide%a na stei%lete
   mia anafora% probly%mato*s gia ka%ti pou den ei%nai bug, ei%nai:

     * Aity%sei*s gia mellontike%*s beltiw%sei*s. Ei%nai genika% kaly% ide%a
       na dokima%sete na suzyty%sete prw%ta te%toie*s ide%e*s se ka%poia
       li%sta ylektronikou% taxudromei%ou prin stei%lete mia anafora%
       probly%mato*s.

     * Eidopoi%ysy gia enymerwme%ne*s ekdo%sei*s programma%twn (kuri%w*s
       ports, alla% kai me%ry tou basikou% susty%mato*s pou suntyrou%ntai
       apo% tri%tou*s, o%pw*s to BIND kai ta dia%fora GNU ergalei%a).

       O%tan e%na pake%to den ei%nai upo% tyn a%mesy epi%bleqy eno%*s
       epi%symou upeu%thunou (y timy% tou MAINTAINER ei%nai
       ports@FreeBSD.org) mporei% opoiosdy%pote committer y% a%llo*s
       endiafero%meno*s na diaxeiristei% aute%*s ti*s eidopoiy%sei*s.
       Mporei%, ako%my, na sa*s zytythei% kai ka%poio patch gia enymerwthei%
       to pake%to. An e%xete y%dy ftia%cei ka%poio patch, kalo% ei%nai na to
       sumperila%bete ki auto% styn anafora% probly%mato*s pou tha stei%lete.
       E%tsi auca%nontai oi pithano%tyte*s na to dei ka%poio*s committer pou
       endiafe%retai kai na xeiristei% auty% tyn anafora% probly%mato*s pio
       su%ntoma.

       O%tan e%na pake%to ei%nai upo% tyn epi%bleqy ka%poiou, suny%thw*s den
       ei%nai idiai%tera xry%sime*s oi anafore%*s pou aplw%*s anakoinw%noun
       mia kainou%ria e%kdosy apo% ton suggrafe%a tou pygai%ou kw%dika tou
       pake%tou. Suny%thw*s to ce%rei y%dy o upeu%thuno*s tou pake%tou gia to
       FreeBSD, y% e%xei sunergastei% me ton suggrafe%a tou pygai%ou kw%dika
       gia ty ne%a e%kdosy, y% dokima%zei to pake%to gia na dei o%ti o%la
       ecakolouthou%n na douleu%oun, kok.

       O%pw*s kai na 'xei, ei%nai kaly% ide%a na akolouthy%sete ty
       diadikasi%a apo% to Porter's Handbook.

   E%na bug pou den mporei% kanei%*s na to anapara%gei ei%nai polu% du%skolo
   na diorthwthei%. An to bug emfani%styke mia fora% mo%no kai den mporei%te
   na to anapara%gete esei%*s, kai fainomenika% den emfani%zetai se kane%nan
   a%llo, ei%nai polu% mikre%*s oi pithano%tyte*s na mporei% ka%poio*s
   programmatisty%*s na to anakalu%qei kai na katala%bei ti% ei%nai auto% pou
   prokalei% to la%tho*s. Auto% den symai%nei pw*s den sumbai%nei, alla%
   symai%nei pw*s y pithano%tyta na odygy%sei y anafora% sa*s styn lu%sy tou
   probly%mato*s ei%nai pa%ra polu% mikry%, kai ma%llon ei%nai kalu%tero na
   stamaty%sete na asxolei%ste me to the%ma. Ako%ma xeiro%tera, ka%poie*s
   fore%*s autou% tou ei%dou*s ta probly%mata ofei%lontai se probly%mata tou
   ulikou% (xalasme%nou*s sklyrou%*s di%skou*s y% epecergaste%*s pou
   uperthermai%nontai). Pre%pei pa%ntote prin ste%lnete mia anafora%
   probly%mato*s, o%tan fusika% ei%nai dunato%n na gi%nei ka%ti te%toio, na
   prospathei%te na apoklei%sete te%toie*s periptw%sei*s.

   Gia na apofasi%sete se poia% katygori%a problyma%twn any%kei y anafora%
   sa*s, pre%pei na e%xete kata% nou ta dia%fora me%ry tou logismikou% apo%
   to opoi%o apotelei%tai to FreeBSD:

     * O kw%dika*s tou basikou% susty%mato*s pou e%xei graftei% kai
       suntyrei%tai apo% tyn oma%da tou FreeBSD. Se auty% tyn katygori%a
       logismikou% any%koun o pury%na*s, y bibliothy%ky ty*s C, kai oi
       odygoi% suskeuw%n (katygori%a kern), ta ergalei%a grammy%*s entolw%n
       tou basikou% susty%mato*s (katygori%a bin), oi seli%de*s boy%theia*s
       kai y tekmyri%wsy tou FreeBSD (katygori%a docs), kai o isto%topo*s tou
       FreeBSD (katygori%a www). O%la ta probly%mata me ka%poio apo% auta% ta
       me%ry tou FreeBSD pre%pei na anafe%rontai styn oma%da ana%ptucy*s tou
       FreeBSD.

     * O kw%dika*s tou basikou% susty%mato*s pou e%xei graftei% kai
       suntyrei%tai apo% tri%tou*s alla% e%xei enswmatwthei% sto FreeBSD ki
       e%xei prosarmostei% se auto%. Paradei%gmata te%toiwn programma%twn
       ei%nai to bind, o metaglwttisty%*s gcc(1) kai to sendmail(8). Ta
       perisso%tera probly%mata me ka%poio apo% auta% ta progra%mmata pre%pei
       na anafe%rontai styn oma%da ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD. Se merike%*s
       periptw%sei*s mporei% na xreiastei% na anaferthou%n stou*s arxikou%*s
       suggrafei%*s tou anti%stoixou progra%mmato*s. eidika% an to pro%blyma
       den emfani%zetai mo%no sto FreeBSD. Oi pio sunythisme%ne*s
       katygori%e*s gia ti*s anafore%*s problyma%twn sxetika% me auta% ta
       progra%mmata ei%nai oi bin kai gnu.

     * A%lle*s efarmoge%*s, oi opoi%e*s den ei%nai me%ro*s tou basikou%
       susty%mato*s tou FreeBSD, alla% upostyri%zontai w*s me%ro*s ty*s
       Sullogy%*s twn Ports (katygori%a ports). Y suntriptiky% pleioqyfi%a
       autw%n twn efarmogw%n den e%xei graftei% apo% tyn oma%da tou FreeBSD.
       Auto% pou pare%xetai apo% to FreeBSD ei%nai apla% y dunato%tyta na
       egkatastathou%n aute%*s oi efarmoge%*s (me merike%*s xry%sime*s alla%
       o%so to dunato%n ligo%tere*s y% mikro%tere*s se e%ktasy allage%*s) se
       e%na su%styma FreeBSD. Opo%te pre%pei na anafe%rete opoiody%pote
       pro%blyma e%xoun aute%*s oi efarmoge%*s styn oma%da tou FreeBSD
       kuri%w*s o%tan pisteu%ete o%ti to pro%blyma emfani%zetai mo%no sto
       FreeBSD. Se anti%thety peri%ptwsy ei%nai kalu%tery ide%a na
       anafe%retai to pro%blyma ston arxiko% suggrafe%a tou anti%stoixou
       progra%mmato*s.

   Te%lo*s, ele%gcte o%ti y anafora% pou ste%lnete afora% e%na pro%blyma to
   opoi%o upa%rxei ako%ma. Merike%*s fore%*s ei%nai ka%pw*s enoxlytiko% gia
   e%nan programmatisty% na pai%rnei eidopoiy%sei*s gia e%na pro%blyma to
   opoi%o e%xei y%dy diorthwthei%.

   An to pro%blyma pou antimetwpi%zete afora% to basiko% su%styma kai den
   e%xete enymerwthei% y%dy gia ti*s teleutai%e*s ekdo%sei*s tou FreeBSD,
   diaba%ste to tmy%ma ekdo%sei*s tou FreeBSD sty Li%sta Suxnw%n Erwty%sewn
   tou FreeBSD. Y oma%da tou FreeBSD mporei% na suntyrei% mo%no e%na
   orisme%no (mikro%) arithmo% kla%dwn ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD. De mporei% na
   diorthw%nei probly%mata gia opoiady%pote e%kdosy tou FreeBSD. Opo%te an
   anafe%rete o%ti e%xete pro%blyma me mia polu% palia% e%kdosy tou
   susty%mato*s, y pio pithany% apa%ntysy pou tha pa%rete tha ei%nai na
   anabathmi%sete to su%styma% sa*s se mia e%kdosy pou upostyri%zetai
   epi%syma apo% tyn oma%da tou FreeBSD kai na ka%nete dokime%*s gia na
   dei%te an to pro%blyma e%xei y%dy diorthwthei% y% upa%rxei ako%my. Y
   Oma%da Asfa%leia*s tou FreeBSD suntyrei% kai enymerw%nei mia li%sta
   ekdo%sewn tou FreeBSD pou upostyri%zontai epi%syma.

   An to pro%blyma pou antimetwpi%zete afora% e%na pake%to, to%te pre%pei
   kat' arxy%n na enymerw%sete ta Ports sa*s styn teleutai%a e%kdosy ty*s
   Sullogy%*s twn Ports kai na dei%te an to pro%blyma upa%rxei ako%ma. Oi
   efarmoge%*s pou perie%xontai sty Sullogy% twn Ports alla%zoun polu%
   gry%gora. Lo%gw tou gry%gorou ruthmou% me ton opoi%o enymerw%nontai ei%nai
   praktika% adu%naton gia tyn oma%da tou FreeBSD na upostyri%cei
   opoiady%pote palio%tery e%kdosy twn Ports. Auto% symai%nei o%ti ta
   probly%mata pou e%xoun oi palie%*s ekdo%sei*s ka%poiwn programma%twn apla%
   de gi%netai na diorthwthou%n.

3. Proetoimasi%a

   Ei%nai kaly% ide%a na ka%nete pa%nta mia mikry% e%reuna prin na stei%lete
   ka%poia anafora% probly%mato*s. Mporei% to pro%blyma% sa*s na to e%xei
   y%dy anafe%rei kai ka%poio*s a%llo*s. Mporei% na ei%nai the%ma suzyty%sewn
   se ka%poia li%sta ylektronikou% taxudromei%ou y% na y%tan pro%sfata.
   Mporei% ako%ma, na ei%nai y%dy diorthwme%no to pro%blyma se ka%poia
   e%kdosy new%tery apo% auty% pou tre%xete. Pre%pei loipo%n na ele%gxete
   o%la ta profany% symei%a, prin na stei%lete mia anafora% probly%mato*s.
   Gia to FreeBSD auto% symai%nei:

     * Tyn li%sta me ti*s pio suxne%*s erwty%sei*s (FAQ) gia to FreeBSD. Y
       li%sta auty% pare%xei apanty%sei*s se mia mega%ly poikili%a
       erwty%sewn, o%pw*s aute%*s pou aforou%n to uliko%, ti*s efarmoge%*s
       kai ti*s ruthmi%sei*s tou pury%na.

     * Oi li%ste*s ylektronikou% taxudromei%ou-an den e%xete graftei% se
       ka%poia apo% aute%*s, mporei%te na xrysimopoiy%sete to arxei%o sti*s
       seli%de*s tou FreeBSD gia na anazyty%sete plyrofori%e*s sxetike%*s me
       to pro%blyma. An to pro%blyma% sa*s den e%xei suzytythei% sti*s
       li%ste*s ei%nai, genika%, kaly% ide%a na stei%lete e%na gra%mma sti*s
       li%ste*s ylektronikou% taxudromei%ou kai na perime%nete li%ge*s
       me%re*s my%pw*s ka%poio*s brei ka%ti pou esei%*s den prose%cate.

     * Proairetika%, o%lo to di%ktuo. Xrysimopoiy%ste tyn agapyme%ny sa*s
       myxany% anazy%tysy*s gia na brei%te plyrofori%e*s sxetika% me to
       pro%blyma. E%tsi mporei% na brei%te ako%my kai anafore%*s apo%
       li%ste*s ylektronikou% taxudromei%ou y% oma%de*s suzyty%sewn pou den
       ce%rate o%ti upa%rxoun y% den skefty%kate na qa%cete.

     * U%stera mporei%te na anazyty%sete sxetike%*s anafore%*s styn ba%sy
       anaforw%n tou FreeBSD (GNATS). An to pro%blyma% sa*s den ei%nai
       pro%sfato y% arketa% peri%ergo, ei%nai polu% pithano%n na e%xei y%dy
       stei%lei ka%poio*s a%llo*s mia anafora%.

     * To pio symantiko% apo% o%la o%mw*s ei%nai na dei%te my%pw*s y
       tekmyri%wsy tou FreeBSD perie%xei ka%poia lu%sy sto pro%blyma% sa*s.

       Gia to basiko% su%styma tou FreeBSD pre%pei na melety%sete prosektika%
       ti*s odygi%e*s pou perie%xei to arxei%o /usr/src/UPDATING sto
       su%styma% sa*s y% aute%*s pou perie%xei y teleutai%a e%kdosy tou
       arxei%ou, y opoi%a ei%nai diathe%simy sty dieu%thunsy:
       http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/UPDATING. (Auto% to arxei%o
       perie%xei kri%sime*s plyrofori%e*s gia anaba%thmisy apo% mia e%kdosy
       tou FreeBSD se ka%poia a%lly-eidika% gia ti*s ekdo%sei*s tou
       FreeBSD-CURRENT).

       An to pro%blyma emfani%zetai se ka%ti pou egkatasta%thyke w*s me%ro*s
       ty*s Sullogy%*s twn Ports tou FreeBSD, ta anti%stoixa arxei%a me
       plyrofori%e*s ei%nai ta: /usr/ports/UPDATING (gia plyrofori%e*s
       sxetika% me sugkekrime%na pake%ta), /usr/ports/CHANGES (gia allage%*s
       pou aforou%n o%ly tyn Sullogy% twn Ports). Ki auta% ta arxei%a ei%nai
       diathe%sima me%sw CVSweb, sti*s dieuthu%nsei*s
       http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/UPDATING kai
       http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/CHANGES anti%stoixa.

4. Gra%fonta*s anafore%*s problyma%twn

   Tw%ra pou e%xete apofasi%sei o%ti aci%zei na gra%qete ka%poia anafora%
   probly%mato*s, kai o%ti o%ntw*s ei%nai ka%poio pro%blyma tou FreeBSD auto%
   pou the%lete na perigra%qete, ei%nai w%ra na gra%qete tyn anafora%. Prin
   mpou%me se leptome%reie*s sxetika% me to pro%gramma pou xrysimopoiei%tai
   gia na gra%fontai kai na ste%lnontai oi anafore%*s problyma%twn, a*s
   dou%me merika% ko%lpa pou tha sa*s boythy%soun na stei%lete xry%sime*s
   anafore%*s.

  4.1. Ko%lpa gia na gra%fete xry%sime*s anafore%*s problyma%twn

     * Myn afy%nete keny% tyn grammy% <<Synopsis>>. Oi anafore%*s
       problyma%twn ste%lnontai se mia li%sta ylektronikou% taxudromei%ou, y
       opoi%a prowthei% tyn anafora% sa*s se anthrw%pou*s se o%lo ton ko%smo
       (o%pou to kei%meno ty*s grammy%*s <<Synopsis>> xrysimopoiei%tai w*s
       the%ma tou mynu%mato*s), alla% kai se mia ba%sy dedome%nwn.
       Opoiosdy%pote prospathy%sei argo%tera na dei mia li%sta me ti*s
       anafore%*s problyma%twn mporei% na agnoy%sei entelw%*s tyn anafora%
       sa*s an den e%xei the%ma. Na e%xete kata nou sa*s o%ti oi anafore%*s
       me%noun se auty% ty ba%sy me%xri ka%poio*s na asxolythei% mazi% tou*s
       kai na ti*s klei%sei. Mia anw%numy anafora%, xwri%*s kane%na the%ma,
       suny%thw*s, xa%netai sto tho%rubo.

     * My xrysimopoiei%te atai%riaste*s perigrafe%*s sty grammy%
       <<Synopsis>>. Myn thewrei%te o%ti opoiosdy%pote diaba%sei tyn anafora%
       sa*s tha e%xei kai to kata%llylo upo%bathro gia na katala%bei ti
       le%te, opo%te o%so perisso%tere*s leptome%reie*s sumperila%bete to%so
       kalu%tera ei%nai. Gia para%deigma, y anafora% kai to pro%blyma pou
       ste%lnete poio me%ro*s tou susty%mato%*s sa*s afora%; To pro%blyma
       emfani%zetai mo%no kata% ty dia%rkeia ty*s egkata%stasy*s y% kai
       meta%; Gia para%deigma, dei%te po%so pio kala% ei%nai an anti% na
       gra%qete Synopsis: portupgrade is broken gi%nete pio perigrafikoi%
       Synopsis: port sysutils/portupgrade coredumps on -current. (Eidika%
       styn peri%ptwsy twn ports ei%nai polu% xry%simo na upa%rxei to%so y
       katygori%a o%so kai to o%noma tou port sty grammy% ty*s su%noqy*s).

     * An e%xete ka%poio patch, pei%te to. Ei%nai polu% ppio pithano% na
       asxolythei% ka%poio*s me mia anafora% probly%mato*s pou perilamba%nei
       kai ka%poio patch apo% o%ti me ka%poia pou apla% anafe%rei to
       pro%blyma. An y anafora% sa*s perilamba%nei ka%poio patch to%te ei%nai
       kaly% ide%a na prosthe%sete to kei%meno [patch] styn arxy% ty*s
       <<Synopsis>> sa*s. (Paro%lo pou den ei%nai upoxrewtiko% na
       xrysimopoiy%sete akribw%*s auto% to kei%meno, suny%thw*s auto%
       xrysimopoiou%n oi perisso%teroi me%xri sy%mera.)

     * An ei%ste esei%*s o upeu%thuno*s gia ty sunty%rysy ka%poiou me%rou*s
       tou kw%dika, pei%te to. An ei%nai diky% sa*s euthu%ny y sunty%rysy
       ka%poiou me%rou*s tou kw%dika tou FreeBSD (gia para%deigma ei%ste o
       MAINTAINER ka%poiou port), den ei%nai a%sxymy ide%a na prosthe%sete to
       kei%meno [maintainer update] styn arxy% ty*s <<Synopsis>> sa*s.
       Opwsdy%pote o%mw*s na thumythei%te na the%sete tyn timy% tou <<Class>>
       ty*s anafora%*s sa*s se maintainer-update. E%tsi o%poio me%lo*s ty*s
       oma%da*s ana%ptucy*s asxolythei% me tyn anafora% sa*s de tha
       xreia%zetai na ele%gcei an o%ntw*s esei%*s ei%ste o maintainer.

     * Na ei%ste akribei%*s & sugkekrime%noi. O%so perisso%tere*s
       plyrofori%e*s gra%qete sxetika% me to pro%blyma pou antimetwpi%zete,
       to%so auca%nontai oi pithano%tyte*s na pa%rete mia xry%simy kai swsty%
       apa%ntysy.

          * Sumperila%bete tyn e%kdosy tou FreeBSD pou xrysimopoiei%te
            (paraka%tw tha dou%me pw*s upa%rxei sugkekrime%no me%ro*s pou
            mporei%te na to gra%qete auto%) kai poia*s arxitektoniky%*s
            ei%nai to myxa%nyma% sa*s. Ei%nai idiai%tera xry%simo na gra%qete
            an tre%xete ka%poia epi%symy e%kdosy (p.x. apo% e%na CDROM y%
            ka%poia pou kateba%sate apo% to di%ktuo) y% an to su%styma sa*s
            to enymerw%nete me to cvsup(1) (ki an nai, po%so pro%sfata to
            enymerw%sate). An xrysimopoiei%te to FreeBSD-CURRENT, auto%
            ei%nai kai to prw%to pra%gma pou tha sa*s rwty%sei ka%poio*s,
            epeidy% oi allage%*s kai oi diorthw%sei*s (eidika% gia ta
            symantika% probly%mata) gi%nontai, genika%, polu% gry%gora kai
            suxna%. Oi xry%ste*s tou FreeBSD-CURRENT pre%pei na ti*s
            parakolouthou%n me prosoxy% kai na enymerw%noun suxna% to
            su%styma% tou*s.

          * Sumperila%bete kai ti*s ruthmi%sei*s pou perie%xei to arxei%o
            make.conf sto su%styma% sa*s. Symeiw%ste pw*s y xry%sy ty*s
            epilogy%*s -O2 tou gcc(1) ei%nai gnwsty% pygy% problyma%twn.
            Paro%lo pou y oma%da ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD den tha 'lege o%xi
            se patches pou na diorthw%noun auta% ta probly%mata ei%nai
            genika% apro%thumy sto na anazyta% ti*s aiti%e*s te%toiwn
            problyma%twn epeidy% den e%xei to xro%no y% to anthrw%pino
            dunamiko% na to ka%nei. An ta probly%mata% sa*s ofei%lontai se
            auto% to pro%blyma twn optimizations mporei% na sa*s apanty%soun
            o%ti den upostyri%zetai auto%*s o tro%po*s xry%sy*s tou FreeBSD.

          * An to pro%blyma% sa*s afora% ton pury%na, to%te na ei%ste
            proetoimasme%noi na dw%sete kai ti*s ecy%*s e%ctra plyrofori%e*s.
            (Den ei%nai ana%gky na ti*s sumperila%bete e%tsi ki alliw%*s,
            afou% to mo%no pou tha katafe%rete ei%nai na aucy%sete xwri%*s
            lo%go to xw%ro pou apaitei% y ba%sy problyma%twn sto di%sko,
            alla% den ei%nai kaky% ide%a na sumperila%bete mo%no ta me%ry pou
            thewrei%te sxetika%):

               * ti*s ruthmi%sei*s tou pury%na sa*s (kai poie%*s suskeue%*s
                 e%xete egkatestyme%ne*s sto myxa%nyma% sa*s)

               * an e%xete energopoiyme%ne*s epiloge%*s debugging ston
                 pury%na sa*s (o%pw*s p.x. tyn epilogy% WITNESS) ki an nai an
                 to pro%blyma sunexi%zei na upa%rxei afairw%nta*s aute%*s
                 ti*s epiloge%*s

               * e%na backtrace, an mpore%sate na katagra%qete ka%poio

               * an e%xete diaba%sei prosektika% to arxei%o src/UPDATING ki
                 an to pro%blyma% sa*s anafe%retai y% o%xi se auto% (ei%nai
                 si%gouro o%ti ka%poio*s tha sa*s rwty%sei gi auto%)

               * an mporei%te na tre%cete ka%poio a%llo pury%na san
                 proswriny% lu%sy (e%tsi apoklei%ontai probly%mata me to
                 uliko%, o%pw*s di%skoi pou a%rxisan na xala%ne y%
                 epecergaste%*s pou uperthermai%nontai, pou mporei% na sa*s
                 mperde%qoun kai na nomi%sete o%ti e%xei pro%blyma o
                 pury%na*s)

          * An e%xete pro%blyma me ka%poio port, to%te na e%xete
            diathe%sime*s ti*s ecy%*s plyrofori%e*s. (Den ei%nai ana%gky na
            ti*s sumperila%bete e%tsi ki alliw%*s, alla% den ei%nai kaky%
            ide%a na sumperila%bete mo%no ta me%ry pou thewrei%te sxetika%):

               * poia ports e%xete egkatasty%sei

               * metablyte%*s tou periba%llonto*s pou mporei% na epyrea%zoun
                 ti*s prokathorisme%ne*s ruthmi%sei*s tou susty%mato*s sto
                 arxei%o bsd.port.mk, o%pw*s p.x. y metablyty%
                 periba%llonto*s PORTSDIR

               * an e%xete diaba%sei to arxei%o ports/UPDATING ki an to
                 pro%blyma% sa*s anafe%retai y% o%xi se auto% (ei%nai
                 si%gouro o%ti ka%poio*s tha sa*s rwty%sei gi auto%)

     * Apofu%gete ti*s asafei%*s aity%sei*s gia ne%a xaraktyristika%. Oi
       anafore%*s ty*s morfy%*s <<st' aly%theia, ka%poio*s pre%pei na
       ulopoiy%sei ka%ti pou na ka%nei to ta%de y% to dei%na>> den ei%nai
       polu% si%gouro o%ti tha tu%xoun kalu%tery*s antimetw%pisy*s apo% ti*s
       anafore%*s pou perigra%foun sugkekrime%ne*s allage%*s. Na thuma%ste
       o%ti o kw%dika*s ei%nai diathe%simo*s se o%lou*s, opo%te an the%lete
       ka%poio ne%o xaraktyristiko% o kalu%tero*s tro%po*s na to dei%te na
       ulopoiei%tai san me%ro*s tou FreeBSD ei%nai na to ftia%cete esei%*s.
       Polle%*s fore%*s ma%lista ei%nai protimo%tero na rwty%sete styn
       freebsd-questions para% na dymiourgy%sete mia kainou%ria eggrafy% sty
       ba%sy anaforw%n problyma%twn.

     * Sigoureutei%te o%ti den e%xei stei%lei y%dy ka%poio*s a%llo*s mia
       paro%moia anafora%. Paro%lo pou to e%xoume canapei% auto%, aci%zei na
       to anafe%roume pa%li edw%. Xreia%zetai mo%no e%na lepto% gia na
       anoi%cete e%na fullometryty% kai na xrysimopoiy%sete ty myxany%
       anazy%tysy*s anaforw%n problyma%twn tou FreeBSD sty dieu%thunsy
       http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?query. (Fusika%, o%loi
       e%xoume cexa%sei ka%poie*s fore%*s na to ka%noume auto%.)

     * Apofu%gete ti*s epiki%ndune*s aity%sei*s. An y anafora% sa*s
       epyrea%zei e%na me%ro*s tou kw%dika gia to opoi%o upy%rcan diafwni%e*s
       sto pareltho%n, ma%llon pre%pei ekto%*s apo% ta patches pou tha
       etoima%sete na ei%ste proetoimasme%noi kai gia na dikiology%sete ti*s
       allage%*s sa*s, ecygw%nta*s giati% ei%nai <<Swsto% na Gi%noun>>.
       O%pw*s ei%pame kai pio prin, mia prosektiky% anazy%tysy sta arxei%a
       twn listw%n ylektronikou% taxudromei%ou sty dieu%thunsy
       http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/search.html#mailinglists ei%nai pa%nta
       kalo%*s tro%po*s na proetoimastei%te gia te%toie*s katasta%sei*s.

     * Na ei%ste eugenikoi%. Sxedo%n o%loi o%soi pro%keitai na asxolythou%n
       me tyn anafora% sa*s gia ka%poio pro%blyma ei%nai ethelonte%*s. Se
       kane%nan den are%sei na tou*s le%ne ti na ka%noun o%tan y%dy ka%noun
       to i%dio pra%gma edw% kai kairo% gia lo%gou*s pou den e%xoun sxe%sy me
       oikonomike%*s apolabe%*s. Ei%nai kalo% na to e%xete kata% nou auto%
       o%tan asxolei%ste me progra%mmata Anoixtou% Logismikou% y% Logismikou%
       Eleu%therou Kw%dika.

  4.2. Prin arxi%sete

   An xrysimopoiei%te to pro%gramma send-pr(1), sigoureutei%te o%ti y
   metablyty% periba%llonto*s VISUAL (y% y metablyty% periba%llonto*s EDITOR
   an den ei%nai orisme%ny y VISUAL) e%xei ka%poia logiky% timy%.

   Ele%gcte epi%sy*s o%ti y apostoly% ylektroniky%*s allylografi%a*s
   leitourgei% swsta%. To pro%gramma send-pr(1) xrysimopoiei% mynu%mata
   ylektroniky%*s allylografi%a*s gia tyn apostoly% kai tyn parakolou%thysy
   twn anaforw%n problyma%twn. An de mporei%te na stei%lete mynu%mata
   ylektroniky%*s allylografi%a*s apo% to myxa%nyma sto opoi%o
   xrysimopoiei%te to pro%gramma send-pr(1), to my%numa% sa*s kai y anafora%
   de tha fta%sei pote% sty ba%sy anaforw%n problyma%twn tou FreeBSD. Gia
   leptome%reie*s sxetika% me ty ru%thmisy ty*s ylektroniky%*s
   allylografi%a*s sto FreeBSD dei%te to kefa%laio peri% <<Ylektroniky%*s
   Allylografi%a*s>> sto Egxeiri%dio tou FreeBSD sty dieu%thunsy
   http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail.html.

   Sigoureutei%te o%ti to pro%gramma allylografi%a*s to opoi%o
   xrysimopoiei%te den tha alla%cei ou%te to periexo%meno ou%te ty morfy% tou
   keime%nou pou ste%lnete prin auto% fta%sei sto su%styma GNATS tou FreeBSD.
   Pio sugkekrime%na, an to pro%gramma allylografi%a*s sa*s apofasi%zei
   auto%mata gia to my%ko*s ka%the grammy%*s keime%nou, alla%zei tou*s
   xarakty%re*s stylothe%ty me kena% y% epembai%nei stou*s xarakty%re*s
   allagy%*s grammy%*s, to%te ka%the patch pou ste%lnete mporei% na ei%nai
   entelw%*s a%xrysto. Apo% tyn a%lly, sta pedi%a ty*s anafora%*s
   probly%mato*s ta opoi%a perie%xoun aplo% kei%meno ei%nai pio boliko% na
   e%xei peri%pou 70 sty%le*s y ka%the grammy%. E%tsi diaba%zetai pio eu%kola
   to kei%meno ty*s anafora%*s me%sa apo% to web interface ma*s.

   Paro%moia prosoxy% xreia%zetai kai o%tan, anti% gia to ergalei%o
   send-pr(1), xrysimopoiei%te ty fo%rma upoboly%*s anaforw%n pou e%xei y
   istoseli%da ma*s. Y antigrafy% kai epiko%llysy keime%nou mporei% na
   epyrea%sei ty morfopoi%ysy tou keime%nou. Se merike%*s periptw%sei*s
   mporei% na xreiastei% ako%ma kai to ergalei%o uuencode(1) gia na ei%ste
   si%gouroi o%ti e%na patch fta%nei w*s ema%*s xwri%*s allage%*s.

   Te%lo*s, an y anafora% sa*s perie%xei mega%la arxei%a y% arketo% kei%meno,
   i%sw*s ei%nai kalu%tera na tyn proetoima%sete se e%na cexwristo% arxei%o
   kai na tyn apothykeu%sete prin prospathy%sete na ty stei%lete. An den
   petu%xei y apostoly% ty*s anafora%*s, de tha riqokindune%qete na xathei%
   o%ti e%xete gra%qei me%xri ekei%ny ty stigmy%. Y fo%rma apostoly%*s me%sw
   web ei%nai suxna% pygy% te%toiwn probly%matwn.

  4.3. Episuna%ptonta*s patches y% arxei%a

   To pro%gramma send-pr(1) e%xei tyn dunato%tyta na episuna%qei arxei%a se
   mia anafora% probly%mato*s. Mporei%te na episuna%qete o%sa arxei%a
   the%lete, arkei% to kathe%na na e%xei monadiko% basiko% o%noma (to o%noma
   tou arxei%ou xwri%*s tyn diadromy%). Apla% xrysimopoiy%ste tyn para%metro
   -a styn grammy% entolw%n gia na katadei%cete ta ono%mata twn arxei%wn pou
   the%lete na episuna%qete:

 % send-pr -a /var/run/dmesg -a /tmp/errors

   Den xreia%zetai na anysuxei%te gia ta arxei%a pou den ei%nai kei%meno. THa
   kwdikopoiythou%n kata%llyla gia na myn ta alla%cei to pro%gramma
   apostoly%*s ylektroniky%*s allylografi%a*s pou xrysimopoiei%te.

   An mazi% me tyn anafora% stei%lete kai ka%poio patch, fronti%ste na
   xrysimopoiy%sete tyn epilogy% -c y% tyn -u styn entoly% diff(1) gia na
   dymiourgy%sete e%na context y% unified arxei%o diaforw%n, kai myn
   cexa%sete na symeiw%sete ti*s akribei%*s ekdo%sei*s twn arxei%wn pou
   alla%cate e%tsi w%ste oi programmatiste%*s pou tha diaba%soun tyn anafora%
   sa*s na mporou%n na ka%noun ti*s i%die*s allage%*s eu%kola. Gia ta
   probly%mata pou aforou%n ton pury%na y% ta ergalei%a tou basikou%
   susty%mato*s ei%nai protimo%tero to patch sa*s na basi%zetai sto
   FreeBSD-CURRENT (to HEAD branch tou CVS) afou% o%le*s oi allage%*s pre%pei
   prw%ta na gi%nontai se auto% to branch gia na dokimastou%n. Afou% pera%sei
   ka%poio*s kairo%*s ki oi allage%*s dokimastou%n arketa% mo%no to%te
   enswmatw%nontai/metafe%rontai oi allage%*s sto FreeBSD-STABLE branch.

   An enswmatw%sete to patch sa*s styn anafora%, anti% na to stei%lete san
   episu%naqy, prose%cte arketa% giati% e%na arketa% suxno% pro%blyma ei%nai
   pw*s polla% progra%mmata ylektroniky%*s allylografi%a*s e%xoun tyn ta%sy
   na metatre%poun tou*s stylothe%te*s se kena%, ka%ti pou katastre%fei
   entelw%*s otidy%pote apotelei% me%ro*s ka%poiou Makefile.

   My ste%lnete ta patches sa*s w*s episuna%qei*s me tyn kwdikopoi%ysy
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable. Auty% y kwdikopoi%ysy
   alla%zei ka%poiou*s xarakty%re*s me apote%lesma na ei%nai a%xrysto
   olo%klyro to patch.

   Genika%, pa%ntw*s, den tre%xei ti%pota an enswmatw%sete ka%poio mikro%
   patch styn anafora% sa*s-eidika% an ei%nai fanero% pw*s diorthw%nei to
   pro%blyma pou perigra%fetai styn anafora%. Ta pio mega%la patches,
   kuri%w*s kw%dika*s pou mporei% na apaitei% leptomery% ana%lusy kai
   dokime%*s prin gi%nei commit, ei%nai kalu%tera na ta aneba%zete se ka%poio
   web y% ftp server kai na perilamba%nete styn anafora% sa*s to URL gia na
   ta bri%skei o anagnw%sty*s ty*s anafora%*s anti% na enswmatw%nete to i%dio
   to patch. Polle%*s fore%*s ta patches katastre%fontai o%tan ei%nai me%ro*s
   eno%*s email, eidika% o%tan pernou%n apo% to pro%gramma GNATS, ki o%so pio
   mega%lo ei%nai to patch to%so pio du%skolo tha ei%nai gia o%poion
   endiafe%retai na to diorthw%sei gia na to dokima%sei. E%na a%llo kalo% pou
   e%xei y dianomy% eno%*s patch me%sw web y% ftp ei%nai o%ti mporei%te na
   alla%cete to patch xwri%*s na xreia%zetai na to canastei%lete o%lo san
   me%ro*s mia*s apa%ntysy*s styn arxiky% anafora%. Ta mega%la patches
   auca%noun mo%nima to me%getho*s ty*s ba%sy*s anaforw%n, afou% ako%my ki
   o%tan diorthwthei% e%na pro%blyma kai klei%sei y anti%stoixy anafora%
   probly%mato*s de sby%netai ti%pota apo% ty ba%sy anaforw%n, alla% apla%
   symeiw%netai w*s closed.

   Myn cexna%te epi%sy*s o%ti, an den to dylw%sete ryta% styn anafora% pou
   tha stei%lete y% sto i%dio to patch, opoiesdy%pote allage%*s stei%lete
   thewrei%tai auto%mata o%ti ei%nai diathe%sime*s ka%tw apo% tou*s i%diou*s
   o%rou*s kai me tyn i%dia a%deia pou e%xei y e%kdosy tou ka%the arxei%ou
   pou e%xete tropopoiy%sei.

  4.4. Sumplyrw%nonta*s tyn fo%rma ty*s anafora%*s

   O%tan tre%cete to pro%gramma send-pr(1) tha dei%te mia fo%rma anafora%*s.
   Y fo%rma ty*s anafora%*s apotelei%tai apo% mia seira% pedi%wn. Ka%poia
   apo% auta% ei%nai ei%nai prosumplyrwme%na. Ka%poia a%lla e%xoun sxo%lia
   pou ecygou%n ton skopo% tou*s y% anafe%roun ti*s apodekte%*s time%*s. Myn
   anysuxei%te gia ta sxo%lia, afou% e%tsi ki alliw%*s tha afairethou%n
   auto%mata an den ta alla%cete y% den ta sby%sete.

   Styn korufy% ty*s fo%rma*s, ka%tw apo% ti*s gramme%*s pou arxi%zoun me
   SEND-PR: upa%rxoun oi epikefali%de*s eno%*s gra%mmato*s. Suny%thw*s den
   xreia%zete na ka%nete ka%poia allagy% se aute%*s, ekto%*s ki an ste%lnete
   tyn anafora% apo% ka%poio myxa%nyma to opoi%o mporei% na stei%lei email
   alla% den mporei% na la%bei, pou tha pre%pei na prose%cete oi gramme%*s
   From: kai Reply-To: na e%xoun tyn pragmatiky% sa*s email dieu%thunsy.
   Mporei%te fusika na stei%lete ston eauto% sa*s y% ka%poion a%llo e%na
   anti%grafo ty*s anafora%*s probly%mato*s prosthe%tonta*s ti*s kata%llyle*s
   Cc: gramme%*s.

   Meta% tha dei%te mia seira% apo% pedi%a mia*s grammy%*s:

     * Submitter-Id: Myn to alla%cete auto%. Y prokathorisme%ny timy% tou,
       current-users, ei%nai swsty% ako%ma ki an xrysimopoiei%te to
       FreeBSD-STABLE.

     * Originator: Auto% to pedi%o ei%nai kanonika% prosumplyrwme%no me to
       o%noma tou tre%xonto*s xry%sty. An auto% den ei%nai swsto%, parakalw%
       sumplyrw%ste tyn timy% autou% tou pedi%ou me to pragmatiko% sa*s
       o%noma kai proairetika% tyn email dieu%thunsy% sa*s me%sa se < kai >.

     * Organization: Auto% to pedi%o den xrysimopoiei%tai gia ti%pota
       symantiko%.

     * Confidential: Auto% to pedi%o ei%nai prosumplyrwme%no me no. Den e%xei
       no%yma na to alla%cete se ka%ti a%llo, afou% den upa%rxoun
       empisteutike%*s anafore%*s problyma%twn sto FreeBSD-y sullogy% twn
       problyma%twn ei%nai anoixty% kai diathe%simy me%sw CVSup gia o%lo ton
       ko%smo.

     * Synopsis: Sumplyrw%ste auto% me mia su%ntomy kai akriby% perigrafy%
       tou probly%mato*s. Y synopsis xrysimopoiei%tai san to the%ma sta email
       ta sxetika% me tyn anafora%, kathw%*s kai se li%ste*s anaforw%n kai
       perily%qei*s. Oi anafore%*s probly%mato*s me peri%erge*s perigrafe%*s
       sto pedi%o auto% suny%thw*s agnoou%ntai.

       O%pw*s ei%pame parapa%nw, an y anafora% sa*s perilamba%nei ka%poio
       patch kalo% ei%nai na cekiny%sete tyn grammy% ty*s su%noqy*s me to
       kei%meno [patch]. An pa%li ei%ste o upeu%thuno*s (maintainer) gia
       ka%poio me%ro*s tou kw%dika, kalo% ei%nai na prosthe%sete sty su%noqy
       to kei%meno [maintainer update] kai na the%sete tyn timy% ty*s
       epikefali%da*s <<Class>> se maintainer-update.

     * Severity: Mporei% na pa%rei timy% non-critical, serious y% critical.
       Myn antidra%te uperbolika%. Apofu%gete na xaraktyri%zete ti*s
       anafore%*s sa*s critical ekto%*s ki an ei%nai o%ntw*s mega%ly*s
       symasi%a*s (p.x. root exploit, ka%poio panic pou mporei% na
       anaparaxthei% eu%kola) y% serious ekto%*s ki an ei%nai ka%ti pou
       afora% pollou%*s xry%ste*s (probly%mata me sugkekrime%nou*s odygou%*s
       suskeuw%n y% ergalei%a tou susty%mato*s). Den ei%nai aparai%tyto pw*s
       oi programmatiste%*s tou FreeBSD tha asxolythou%n pio nwri%*s me to
       pro%blyma% sa*s an uperba%llete gia tyn symasi%a tou epeidy% upa%rxei
       polu%*s ko%smo*s pou to ka%nei auto%-ma%lista, upa%rxoun
       programmatiste%*s pou agnoou%n entelw%*s auto% to pedi%o kai to
       epo%meno, akribw%*s epeidy% autoi% pou ste%lnoun ti*s anafore%*s
       e%xoun tyn ta%sy na uperektimou%n ta probly%mata% tou*s.

     * Priority: Mporei% na pa%rei timy% low, medium y% high. Proteraio%tyta
       high pre%pei na di%netai mo%no se anafore%*s problyma%twn ta opoi%a
       epyrea%zoun praktika% o%lou*s tou*s xry%ste*s tou FreeBSD kai medium
       sta probly%mata pou aforou%n e%na mega%lo arithmo% xrystw%n.

     * Category: Epile%cte mia apo% ti*s ako%louthe*s katygori%e*s (apo% to
       arxei%o
       http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/gnu/usr.bin/send-pr/categories):

          * advocacy: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn dymo%sia eiko%na tou
            FreeBSD. Xrysimopoiei%tai spa%nia.

          * alpha: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn platfo%rma Alpha platform.

          * amd64: anafore%*s sxetika% me probly%mata ty*s platfo%rma*s
            AMD64.

          * bin: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me progra%mmata sto basiko% su%styma.

          * conf: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me arxei%a ruthmi%sewn,
            prokathorisme%ne*s time%*s, klp.

          * docs: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me ti*s manual pages y% genika% tyn
            tekmyri%wsy.

          * gnu: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me progra%mmata GNU, o%pw*s p.x.
            gcc(1) y% grep(1).

          * i386: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn platfo%rma i386 platform.

          * ia64: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn platfo%rma ia64.

          * java: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn ulopoi%ysy ty*s Eikoniky%*s
            Myxany%*s Java(TM). (Oi anafore%*s gia pake%ta ta opoi%a apla%
            apaitou%n ty Java(TM) gia na tre%coun kataxwrou%ntai styn
            katygori%a ports.)

          * kern: anafore%*s gia ton pury%na.

          * misc: otidy%pote den tairia%zei se ka%poia apo% ti*s upo%loipe*s
            katygori%e*s. (Symeiw%ste pw*s ei%nai eu%kolo na xathei% mia
            anafora% se auty% tyn katygori%a.)

          * ports: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me ta ports.

          * powerpc: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn platfo%rma PowerPC.

          * sparc64: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn platfo%rma SPARC.

          * standards: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn sumbato%tyta me ta
            dia%fora Pro%tupa.

          * threads: anafore%*s sxetike%*s me tyn ulopoi%ysy twn threads sto
            FreeBSD (eidika% sto FreeBSD-CURRENT).

          * usb: anafore%*s sxetika% me to uposu%styma USB tou FreeBSD kai
            tyn uposty%ricy suskeuw%n USB.

          * www: allage%*s y% beltiw%sei*s styn diktuaky% seli%da tou
            FreeBSD.

     * Class: Gia to pedi%o auto%, epile%cte mia apo% ti*s paraka%tw time%*s:

          * sw-bug: software bugs.

          * doc-bug: la%thy styn tekmyri%wsy.

          * change-request: ide%e*s kai aity%sei*s gia pro%stheta
            xaraktyristika% y% allage%*s se upa%rxonta.

          * update: enymerw%sei*s twn ports y% a%llwn programma%twn pou
            ftia%xnontai apo% tri%tou*s.

          * maintainer-update: enymerw%sei*s se ports gia ta opoi%a
            suntyrei%te esei%*s.

     * Release: Y e%kdosy tou FreeBSD pou xrysimopoiei%te. Auto% to pedi%o
       sumplyrw%netai auto%mata apo% tyn send-pr(1) kai xreia%zetai na to
       alla%cete mo%no styn peri%ptwsy pou ste%lnete mia anafora%
       probly%mato*s apo% a%llo myxa%nnyma, ki o%xi apo% auto% pou e%xei to
       pro%blyma.

   Te%lo*s, upa%rxei mia seira% apo% pedi%a me perisso%tere*s apo% mia
   gramme%*s to kathe%na:

     * Environment: Edw% pre%pei na perigra%fetai, me o%so to dunato%n
       megalu%tery akri%beia, to periba%llon sto opoi%o paratyry%sate to
       pro%blyma. Auto% perilamba%nei tyn e%kdosy tou leitourgikou%
       susty%mato*s, tyn e%kdosy tou sugkekrime%nou progra%mmato*s y%
       arxei%ou pou e%xei to pro%blyma kai opoiady%pote a%lla xaraktyristika%
       apo% to su%styma kai ti*s ruthmi%sei*s tou thewrei%te symantika%,
       a%lla egkatestyme%na progra%mmata pou pisteu%ete o%ti pithano%n e%xoun
       sxe%sy me to pro%blyma, klp-polu% apla%, otidy%pote xreia%zetai na
       ce%rei e%na*s programmatisty%*s gia na ecomoiw%sei me akri%beia to
       periba%llon sto opoi%o emfani%zetai to pro%blyma.

     * Description: Mia ply%ry*s kai akriby%*s perigrafy% tou probly%mato*s
       pou antimetwpi%zete. Prospathei%ste na apofu%gete eikasi%e*s sxetika%
       me tyn aiti%a tou probly%mato*s ekto%*s ki an ei%ste si%gouroi o%ti
       bri%skete se swsto% dro%mo, kathw%*s mporei% na odygy%sete ka%poio
       programmatisty% na ka%nei la%tho*s upothe%tonta*s ka%poia pra%gmata
       pou den ei%nai swsta%.

     * How-To-Repeat: Mia peri%lyqy twn energeiw%n pou xreia%zontai gia na
       anapara%gei ka%poio*s to pro%blyma.

     * Fix: Kata% proti%mysy ka%poio patch y% toula%xiston ka%ti pou
       ceperna%/apofeu%gei to pro%blyma (ka%ti pou o%xi mo%no boytha% o%poion
       e%xei to i%dio pro%blyma na to apofu%gei, alla% mporei% ako%my kai na
       boythy%sei ka%poion programmatisty% na katala%bei tyn pragmatiky%
       aiti%a tou probly%mato*s). An den e%xete be%baia ka%poia ide%a,
       mporei%te pa%nta na afy%sete auto% to pedi%o keno%. Ei%nai polu%
       kalu%tera apo% to na ka%nete aplw%*s eikasi%e*s.

  4.5. Ste%lnonta*s tyn anafora%

   O%tan teleiw%sete me to gra%qimo, tyn sumply%rwsy ty*s fo%rma*s, kai
   sw%sete to kei%meno ty*s anafora%*s se e%na arxei%o, to pro%gramma
   send-pr(1) tha sa*s dei%cei mia protropy% s)end, e)dit or a)bort?.
   Mporei%te to%te na paty%sete s gia na sunexi%sete kai na stalei% y
   anafora%, e gia na cekiny%sete pa%li ton keimenogra%fo sa*s, y% a gia na
   egkatalei%qete. An epile%cete to teleutai%o, to kei%meno ty*s anafora%*s
   sa*s tha paramei%nei sto di%sko (y send-pr(1) tha gra%qei to o%noma tou
   arxei%ou prin termati%sei), opo%te mporei%te na to epecergastei%te me tyn
   ysuxi%a sa*s argo%tera y% na to metafe%rete se ka%poio su%styma me
   kalu%tery su%ndesy diktu%ou, prin na to stei%lete me tyn epilogy% -f ty*s
   send-pr(1):

 % send-pr -f ~/my-problem-report

   Auty% y entoly% tha diaba%sei mia anafora% probly%mato*s apo% to arxei%o,
   tha ka%nei ka%poiou*s ele%gxou*s sta periexo%mena, tha sby%sei ta sxo%lia
   kai stei%lei tyn anafora%.

5. Apanty%sei*s

   Mo%li*s y anafora% sa*s kataxwrythei%, tha pa%rete mia apa%ntysy me%sw
   email pou tha perilamba%nei ton arithmo% pou e%xei sxetistei% me tyn
   anafora% sa*s kai mia dieu%thunsy URL o%pou mporei%te na diaba%sete tyn
   anafora% kai tyn kata%stasy% ty*s. Me li%gy tu%xy, ka%poio*s tha
   endiaferthei% gia tyn anafora% sa*s kai tha prospathy%sei na lu%sei to
   pro%blyma y% toula%xiston, ana%loga me tyn peri%ptwsy, na sa*s ecygy%sei
   giati% den ei%nai pro%blyma. THa eidopoiy%ste auto%mata gia ka%the allagy%
   styn kata%stasy ty*s anafora%*s, kai tha pai%rnete anti%grafa me%sw
   allylografi%a*s me opoiady%pote sxo%lia y% patches ste%lnei ka%poio*s san
   apa%ntysy styn anafora% sa*s.

   An ka%poio*s sa*s zyty%sei epiple%on plyrofori%e*s y% thumythei%te ka%ti
   y% anakalu%qete ka%ti pou den e%xete anafe%rei styn arxiky% sa*s anafora%,
   to%te xrysimopoiy%ste e%nan apo% tou*s ako%louthou*s tro%pou*s gia na
   stei%lete sumplyrwmatike%*s plyrofori%e*s:

     * O pio eu%kolo*s tro%po*s ei%nai na akolouthy%sete to su%ndesmo styn
       seli%da ty*s anafora%*s, tyn opoi%a mporei%te na brei%te apo% ty
       seli%da anazy%tysy*s twn anaforw%n. An akolouthy%sete to su%ndesmo pou
       e%xei sto ka%tw me%ro*s y seli%da tha anoi%cei to pro%gramma
       allylografi%a*s sa*s me to swsto% apostole%a kai to swsto% the%ma
       (arkei% o fullometryty%*s sa*s upostyri%zei tyn ekte%lesy ecwterikw%n
       programma%twn).

     * Enallaktika% mporei%te na stei%lete apla% e%na my%numa sty dieu%thunsy
       <bug-followup@FreeBSD.org>, prose%xonta*s na ba%lete to swsto%
       arithmo% anafora%*s sto the%ma e%tsi w%ste na ton brei to su%styma
       parakolou%thysy*s anaforw%n tou FreeBSD kai na ce%rei se poia%
       anafora% pre%pei na episuna%qei to my%numa% sa*s.

  Symei%wsy:

       An den sumperila%bete to swsto% arithmo% anafora%*s sto the%ma, to
       pro%gramma GNATS pou organw%nei ti*s anafore%*s se katygori%e*s tha
       mperdeutei% kai tha anoi%cei mia ne%a anafora% tyn opoi%a meta%
       anathe%tei ston diaxeiristy% tou susty%mato*s GNATS. E%tsi y
       apa%ntysy% sa*s tha mei%nei afany%*s me%xri na qa%cei ka%poio*s gia
       anafore%*s pou ei%nai kataxwryme%ne*s la%tho*s kai na ti*s
       cekathari%sei, ka%ti pou mporei% na gi%nei meta% apo% me%re*s y% kai
       olo%klyre*s ebdoma%de*s.

       La%tho*s tro%po*s:

 Subject: that PR I sent

       Swsto%*s tro%po*s:

 Subject: Re: ports/12345: compilation problem with foo/bar

   An y anafora% probly%mato*s parame%nei styn kata%stasy <<open>> paro%lo
   pou to pro%blyma e%xei stamaty%sei na emfani%zetai ple%on, aplw%*s
   stei%lte mia apa%ntysy styn anafora% (me ton tro%po pou anafe%rame
   parapa%nw), ecygw%nta*s pw*s y% po%te diorthw%thyke to pro%blyma.

6. Anafore%*s

   Paraka%tw tha brei%te ka%poie*s pyge%*s pou ei%nai sxetike%*s me to the%ma
   twn anaforw%n probly%mato*s. Den ei%nai mia ply%ry*s y% eparky%*s li%sta,
   fusika%.

     * How to Report Bugs Effectively-mia polu% kaly% e%kthesy apo% ton Simon
       G. Tatham pou perigra%fei pw*s mporei%te na gra%fete xry%sime*s
       anafore%*s probly%matwn (o%xi mo%no gia to FreeBSD).

     * Problem Report Handling Guidelines-xry%sime*s plyrofori%e*s gia ton
       tro%po me ton opoi%o xeiri%zetai ti*s anafore%*s problyma%twn y oma%da
       ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD

Eurety%rio

  Su%mbola

   anafore%*s problyma%twn, Gra%fonta*s Anafore%*s Problyma%twn gia to
   FreeBSD
